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'''Long foreskin obstructing urine flow''' is a bizarre complication reported in a test of the [[Prepex]] circumcision device.<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Odoyo-June
|first=
|init=E
|author-link=
|last2=Feldblum
|first2=
|init2=J
|author2-link=
|last3=Fischer
|first3=
|init3=S
|author3-link=
|last4=Bailey
|first4=
|init4=RC
|author4-link=Robert C. Bailey
|etal=yes
|title=Unexpected complications following adult male circumcision using the Prepex Device
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=Urol Int
|location=
|date=2015
|volume=96
|issue=2
|article=
|page=
|pages=188-93
|url=https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Unexpected-Complications-Following-Adult-Medical-Odoyo-June-Feldblum/fa3b9772ff7a2ca434daf996519f228f9585d555
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=26684654
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1159/000442753.
|accessdate=2022-01-16
}}</ref>
The [[Prepex]] device works by clamping the foreskin so that it is starved for blood, dies and falls off. In two cases observed during testing in Kenya the necrotic foreskin interfered with urination.
Circumcision has been promoted by the [[World Health Organization]] to prevent female to male [[HIV]] infection, however two large scale population studies have found circumcision to be totally ineffective at preventing HIV infection.
ayan et al. (2021) carried out a massive empirical study of the male population of the province of Ontario, [[Canada]] (569,950 males), of whom 203,588 (35.7%) were circumcised between 1991 and 2017. The study concluded that circumcision status is not related to risk of HIV infection.<ref name="mayan2021">{{REFjournal
|last=Mayan
|first=Madhur
|init=M
|author-link=
|last2=Hamilton
|first2=Robert J.
|init2=RJ
|author2-link=
|last3=Juurlink
|first3=David N.
|init3=DN
|author3-link=
|last4=Austin
|first4=Peter C.
|init4=PC
|author4-link=
|last5=Jarvi
|first5=Keith A.
|init5=KA
|author5-link=
|etal=no
|title=Circumcision and Risk of HIV Among Males From Ontario, Canada
|journal=J Urol
|date=2021-09-23
|url=https://www.auajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1097/JU.0000000000002234
|quote=We found that circumcision was not independently associated with the risk of acquiring HIV among men from Ontario, Canada.
|pubmedID=34551593
|DOI=10.1097/JU.0000000000002234
|accessdate=2022-01-16
}}</ref>
[[Morten Frisch]] & Jacob Simonsen (2021) carried out a large scale empirical population study in [[Denmark]] of 855,654 males regarding the alleged value of male circumcision in preventing HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in men. They found that circumcised men have a higher rate of STI and HIV infection overall than intact men.<ref name="frisch2021">{{REFjournal
|last=Frisch
|first=Morten
|init=M
|author-link=Morten Frisch
|last2=Simonsen
|first2=Jacob
|init2=J
|author2-link=
|etal=no
|title=Non-therapeutic male circumcision in infancy or childhood and risk of human immunodeficiency virus and other sexually transmitted infections: national cohort study in Denmark
|journal=Eur J Epidemiol
|date=2021-09-26
|volume=Published online ahead of print
|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10654-021-00809-6
|pubmedID=34564796
|DOI=10.1007/s10654-021-00809-6
|accessdate=2022-01-16
}}</ref>
No association between circumcision status and risk of HIV infection was found.
{{REF}}
[[Category:Kenya]]
[[
|last=Odoyo-June
|first=
|init=E
|author-link=
|last2=Feldblum
|first2=
|init2=J
|author2-link=
|last3=Fischer
|first3=
|init3=S
|author3-link=
|last4=Bailey
|first4=
|init4=RC
|author4-link=Robert C. Bailey
|etal=yes
|title=Unexpected complications following adult male circumcision using the Prepex Device
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=Urol Int
|location=
|date=2015
|volume=96
|issue=2
|article=
|page=
|pages=188-93
|url=https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Unexpected-Complications-Following-Adult-Medical-Odoyo-June-Feldblum/fa3b9772ff7a2ca434daf996519f228f9585d555
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=26684654
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1159/000442753.
|accessdate=2022-01-16
}}</ref>
The [[Prepex]] device works by clamping the foreskin so that it is starved for blood, dies and falls off. In two cases observed during testing in Kenya the necrotic foreskin interfered with urination.
Circumcision has been promoted by the [[World Health Organization]] to prevent female to male [[HIV]] infection, however two large scale population studies have found circumcision to be totally ineffective at preventing HIV infection.
ayan et al. (2021) carried out a massive empirical study of the male population of the province of Ontario, [[Canada]] (569,950 males), of whom 203,588 (35.7%) were circumcised between 1991 and 2017. The study concluded that circumcision status is not related to risk of HIV infection.<ref name="mayan2021">{{REFjournal
|last=Mayan
|first=Madhur
|init=M
|author-link=
|last2=Hamilton
|first2=Robert J.
|init2=RJ
|author2-link=
|last3=Juurlink
|first3=David N.
|init3=DN
|author3-link=
|last4=Austin
|first4=Peter C.
|init4=PC
|author4-link=
|last5=Jarvi
|first5=Keith A.
|init5=KA
|author5-link=
|etal=no
|title=Circumcision and Risk of HIV Among Males From Ontario, Canada
|journal=J Urol
|date=2021-09-23
|url=https://www.auajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1097/JU.0000000000002234
|quote=We found that circumcision was not independently associated with the risk of acquiring HIV among men from Ontario, Canada.
|pubmedID=34551593
|DOI=10.1097/JU.0000000000002234
|accessdate=2022-01-16
}}</ref>
[[Morten Frisch]] & Jacob Simonsen (2021) carried out a large scale empirical population study in [[Denmark]] of 855,654 males regarding the alleged value of male circumcision in preventing HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in men. They found that circumcised men have a higher rate of STI and HIV infection overall than intact men.<ref name="frisch2021">{{REFjournal
|last=Frisch
|first=Morten
|init=M
|author-link=Morten Frisch
|last2=Simonsen
|first2=Jacob
|init2=J
|author2-link=
|etal=no
|title=Non-therapeutic male circumcision in infancy or childhood and risk of human immunodeficiency virus and other sexually transmitted infections: national cohort study in Denmark
|journal=Eur J Epidemiol
|date=2021-09-26
|volume=Published online ahead of print
|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10654-021-00809-6
|pubmedID=34564796
|DOI=10.1007/s10654-021-00809-6
|accessdate=2022-01-16
}}</ref>
No association between circumcision status and risk of HIV infection was found.
{{REF}}
[[Category:Kenya]]
[[