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In addition, circumcision severs veins on Circumcision also disrupts the dorsal side return flow of the shaft which return blood to the heart. Veins in the prepuce provide "at least part of the drainage of the glans surface."<ref name="mcgrath2001">{{REFbook |last=McGrath |first=Ken |init= |author-link= |year=2001 |title=The Frenular Delta: A New Preputial Stucture |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/anatomy/mcgrath1/ |work=Understanding Circumcision: A Multi-Disciplinary Approach to a Multi-Dimensional Problem |editor=Denniston GC, Hodges FM, Milos MF, editors. |edition= |volume= |chapter= |pages= |location=New York |publisher=Kluwer/Plenum, |ISBN= |quote= |accessdate=2022-02-20 |note=}}</ref> Moreover, the dorsal veins from the [[acroposthion]] are severed and excised by circumcision. This frequently results in post-circumcision [[lymphoedema]] due to the reduction in blood circulation. Ferhatoglu et al. (2019) reported edema in 108 of 198 patients or 54.5 percent, indicating substantial impairment of circulation.<ref>{{REFjournal
→Disruption of blood circulation: Add text and citations.
Male circumcision frequently includes excision of the [[frenulum]], which carries the frenular artery. The frenular artery supplies arterial blood to to the [[glans penis]], so the excission of the frenulum reduces the supply of arterial blood to the glans penis.
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