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Bollinger Ramos & Chapin Boyle (19992001) documented studied the extremely painful psychological effects of [[circumcision]] on Philippine boys. They reported that sixty-nine percent of traditionally circumcised boys and fifty-one percent of medically circumcised boys met the criteria for a diagnosis of post-traumatic nature of infant circumcisionstress disorder ([[PTSD]]).<ref name="bollinger2019ramos-boyle2001">{{REFdocumentREFbook |last=Ramos |first=Samuel |init=S |author-link= |titlelast2=Boyle |first2=Gregory J. |init2=Child Genital Cutting as an Adverse Childhood ExperienceGJ |transauthor2-titlelink=Gregory J. Boyle |year=2001 |languagetitle=EnglishRitual and medical circumcision among Filipino boys: evidence of post-traumatic stress disorder |url=httphttps://adversechildhoodexperienceswww.researchgate.net/CGC_as_an_ACE.pdfpublication/300649237_Ritual_and_Medical_Circumcision_among_Filipino_Boys |work=Understanding circumcision: A Multi-Disciplinary Approach to a Multi-Dimensional Problem |editor=Denniston GC, Hodges FM, Milos M |edition= |volume= |chapter= |pages=253-70 |location=New York |archivedpublisher=Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers |contributionisbn=

|trans-quoteaccessdate= |quote-lang= |last=Bollinger |first=Dan |author-link=Dan Bollinger |last2=Chapin |first2=Georganne |author22019-link=Georganne Chapin |publisher=Intact America |location=Tarrytown, New York, USA |format=PDF |date=201912-08-01 |accessdatenote=2021-06-30