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== No net effect of circumcision on HIV ==French scientist [[Michel Garenne|Garenne]] (, Ph.D. has published two reports in 2022) investigated comparing the complex relationships between circumcision and incidence of HIV prevalence infection in Lesotho and found no net effect of [[circumcisioncircumcised]] on and [[HIVintact]]men. In his first report, Garenne presented the findings from a study in Lesotho, the enclave in South Africa. He reported:<blockquote>In couple studies, the effect of circumcision and VMMC on HIV was not significant, with similar transmission from female to male and male to female. The study questions the amount of effort and money spent on VMMC in Lesotho.<refname="garenne2022A">{{REFjournal
Add HIV module.
|accessdate=2021-07-27
}}</ref>
=Circumcision does not prevent HIV infection==
=== Population-based studies ===
{{Population-based studies}}
===Two African surveys===
The previously reported studies were from developed Western nations. Now we have information from Sub_Saharan Africa.
|last=Garenne
|first=Michel
|date=2022-04-04
|journal=J Biosoc Sci
|volume=online ahead of print
|pages=1-16
|DOI=10.1017/S0021932022000153
|pubmedID=35373731
|accessdate=2022-0411-1207}}</ref>==Papulation-based studies=={{Population-based studies}}</blockquote>
In his second report, Garenne (2022) presented information from six Sub-Saharan African nations (Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe). He reported:
<blockquote>
"Results matched earlier observations made in South Africa that [[circumcised]] and [[intact]] men had similar levels of HIV infection."<ref name="garenne2022B">{{REFjournal
|last=Garenne
|first=Michael
|init=M
|author-link=
|etal=no
|title=Age-incidence and prevalence of HIV among intact and circumcised men: an analysis of PHIA surveys in Southern Africa
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=J Biosoc Sci
|location=
|date=2022-10-26
|season=
|volume=
|issue=
|article=
|page=
|pages=1-13
|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-biosocial-science/article/abs/ageincidence-and-prevalence-of-hiv-among-intact-and-circumcised-men-an-analysis-of-phia-surveys-in-southern-africa/CAA7E7BD5A9844F41C6B7CC3573B9E50
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=36286328
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1017/S0021932022000414
|accessdate=2022-11-07
}}</ref></blockquote>
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Catholic Medical Mission Board]]