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{{Construction Site}}'''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' with a non-retractile [[foreskin]] in the [[United States]] and [[Canada]] frequently presents unique issues caused by the poor training and lack of knowledge of North American health care healthcare providers, who do not know how to insert a catheter when the boy has a normal [[intact]] [[foreskin]].<ref name="carmack2017">{{REFjournal |last=Carmack |first=Adrienne |init= |author-link=Adrienne Carmack |last2=Milos |first2=Marilyn F. |init2= |author2-link=Marilyn Fayre Milos |etal=no |title=Catheterization without foreskin retraction |trans-title= |language= |journal=Can Fam Physician |location= |date=2017-03 |volume=63 |issue=3 |pages=218-20 |url=https://www.cfp.ca/content/63/3/218.long |archived= |quote= |pubmedID=28292801 |pubmedCID=5349724 |DOI= |accessdate=2023-02-16}}</ref> The foreskin is normally non-retractable in childhood.<ref name="Wright1994">{{REFjournal |last=Wright |init=JE |title=Further to the "Further Fate of the Foreskin" |journal=Med J Aust |volume=160 |issue= |pages=134-135 |url=http://www.cirp. org/library/normal/wright2/ |quote= |pubmedID=8295581 |pubmedCID= |DOI= |date=1994-02-07 |accessdate=2019-10-17}}</ref> Such providers may attempt premature [[forced foreskin retraction]] to the harm of the boy <ref name="deibart1933">{{REFjournal |last=Deibart |init=GA |title=The separation of the prepuce in the human penis |journal=Anat Rec |date=1933 |volume=57 |issue= |pages=387-99 |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/anatomy/deibert/ |quote= |pubmedID= |pubmedCID= |DOI=https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.1090570409 |accessdate=2019-10-07}}</ref> or even demand that the boy be [[circumcised]] to permit catheter insertion. These issues do not occur in other advanced nations where healthcare providers are properly trained in the care of [[intact]] boys. Carmack & Milos (2017) identified the issues with [[intact]] boys and provided all necessary information on the technique of inserting a catheter into the [[penis]] of an [[intact]] boy.<ref name="carmack2017" /> A [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5349724/pdf/0630218.pdf PDF version] is available and may be printed and provided to a health care provider.{{SEEALSO}}* [[Canada]]* [[Development of retractable foreskin]]* [[United States of America]]{{LINKS}}* {{REFweb |url=https://www.yourwholebaby.org/catheters |title=How can a catheter be safely inserted into an intact infant or child? |last= |first= |init= |publisher=Your Whole Baby |date=2017 |accessdate=2023-02-16}}