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wikify stretching
== History ==
Foreskin [[stretching ]] (called "uncircumcision," or ''[[epispasm]]'') appears to have been a common practice among Hellenized Jewish men in Hellenistic and Roman societies,<ref name="Rubin">{{REFjournal
|last=Rubin
|first=Jody P.
|publisher={{UNI|Oxford University|Oxon}} Press
|isbn=0-19-517674-X
|quote=Foreskin [[stretching ]] (called "uncircumcision," or epispasm) appears to have been a common practice among Hellenized Jewish men...
|accessdate=2011-09-23
|note=
}}</ref>
The sight of [[circumcised]] genitals at public baths or gymnasia would inspire laughter and ridicule. Jewish men who wished to gain acceptance in the larger social world gave themselves a presentable appearance by pulling the remaining [[foreskin]] forward as far as possible, and keeping it under enough tension to encourage permanent [[stretching ]] toward its original length. Using a fibular pin or a cord, they pierced the front of the remaining foreskin, drew it forward, and fixed it in place; sometimes they would attach a weight to maintain tension. Over time the foreskin stretched and restored at least some of the appearance of an [[intact]] organ.<ref>{{REFbook
|last=Glick
|first=Leonard B.
|date=1997-10-15
|accessdate=
}}</ref> Unlike conventional skin expansion techniques, however, the process of nonsurgical foreskin restoration may take several years to complete. The time required depends on the amount of skin available to expand, the amount of skin desired in the end, and the regimen of [[stretching ]] methods used. Patience and dedication are needed; support groups exist to help with these (see External links section). The act of [[stretching ]] the skin is often described informally as "tugging" in these groups, especially those on the Internet.
[[Intact]] men who would like to have a longer foreskin may use these same techniques of [[tissue expansion]] to lengthen a short [[foreskin]]. Benefits include improved protection of the [[glans penis]], improved [[gliding action]], and improved physical appearance.
The natural foreskin has three principal components, in addition to blood vessels, nerves and connective tissue: [[skin]], which is exposed exteriorely; [[mucosa]], which is the inside surface in contact with the [[glans penis]] when the [[penis]] is flaccid; and a layer of [[Dartos| muscle]] fibers under the foreskin. The [[ridged band]] is just inside the tip of the [[foreskin]].
Generally, the skin grows more readily in response to [[stretching ]] than does the mucous membrane. The ring of muscle which normally holds the foreskin closed is completely removed in the majority of circumcisions and cannot be regrown, so the covering resulting from [[stretching ]] techniques is usually looser than that of a natural foreskin. According to some observers it is difficult to distinguish a restored foreskin from a natural foreskin because restoration produces a "nearly normal-appearing prepuce."<ref name="Goodwin">{{REFjournal
|last=Goodwin
|first=Willard E.
|accessdate=2021-05-13
}}
</ref> The motion of the [[penile skin]] by the [[gliding action]] stimulates the [[Meissner's corpuscles| nerves in the skin]] which are sensitive to motion and [[stretching]].
# ''Moist glans penis'': A restored foreskin keeps the glans penis moist and oily by [[transudation]] in the same manner as a natural foreskin.
# ''Feeling whole'': The [[circumcision scar]] has turned under the restored foreskin and is invisible. The presence of the restored foreskin causes one to look and feel whole, complete, and normal.
|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Floyd-Timmermans/publication/350881409_A_review_on_the_history_of_and_treatment_options_for_foreskin_reconstruction_after_circumcision/links/607d5ae9881fa114b41189e1/A-review-on-the-history-of-and-treatment-options-for-foreskin-reconstruction-after-circumcision.pdf
|archived=
|quote=Nonsurgical methods of reconstruction are rarely mentioned in literature. Nonetheless, nonsurgical methods, such as manual [[stretching ]] and device-assisted tissue expansion, are commonplace among those who pursue foreskin reconstruction. Although the nonsurgical methods have yielded good results with minimal adverse effects, no proper medical research has been performed to quantify these outcomes.
|pubmedID=33854205
|pubmedCID=
|date=1996-06-25
|accessdate=2020-06-23
|quote=Foreskin restoration is a slow process of [[stretching ]] the [[penile skin]] over the naked glans, and can take several years. Many men, however, report an improvement in comfort and sensitivity after only a couple of weeks.
}}
* {{REFweb