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|date=
|accessdate=2023-09-27
}}</ref> As a surgical measure, it is used to control [[pain ]] or a disease process in the affected limb, such as malignancy or gangrene. In some cases, it is carried out on individuals as a preventive surgery for such problems. A special case is that of congenital amputation, a congenital disorder, where fetal limbs have been cut off by constrictive bands.<ref name="WP">{{URLwikipedia|Amputation|Amputation|2021-11-12}}</ref>
In some countries, such as Afghanistan and Iran,<ref name="iran">{{REFnews
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Adult circumcision]]
* [[Circumcision]]
* [[Complete penile amputation]]
* [[Ulwaluko]]
{{LINKS}}
* {{URLwikipedia||Amputation|2023-12-26||}}
{{REF}}
[[Category:Education]]
[[Category:Medical term]]
[[de:Amputation]]