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→Informed consent for non-therapeutic circumcision of minor boys
A court of appeals in Cologne, Germany [[Cologne circumcision court judgment]] ruled in 2012 that non-therapeutic male circumcision is an assault on the child, an injury to the child, and a violation of the child's rights under the [https://www.btg-bestellservice.de/pdf/80201000.pdf Basic Law of Germany]. No American court has so ruled. Until such time as an American court issues such a ruling, non-therapeutic circumcision of children in America, driven by the [[Financial Incentive| financial incentive]] is expected to continue.
At the present time, ethics and law notwithstanding, non-therapeutic circumcisions of boys are performed with parental consent. <ref name="alissa2025-03-25B">{{REFdocument |title=Are We Sacrificing Newborns for Tradition? The Ethical Debate Behind Circumcision |url=https://intactamerica.org/ethical-debate-behind-circumcision/ |contribution= |last=Alissa |first=Kristel |publisher=Intact America |format= |date=2025-03-25 |accessdate=2025-03-27}}</ref> Parents will be offered medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic circumcision and encouraged to grant consent, the sole beneficiary being the bank accounts of the hospital and the doctor. The information supplied below is intended to inform and assist parents of boys.
The Bioethics Committee (2016) of the [[American Academy of Pediatrics]] updated its guidance on informed consent in pediatric practice,<ref name="aap1995" /> however it still does not recognize the child as a human being with rights under domestic and international law.<ref>{{REFjournal