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→Informed consent for non-therapeutic circumcision of minor boys: Revise citation.
Infant boys are born with a healthy [[foreskin]]. No disease or deformity is present to be diagnosed or treated. [[Circumcision]] of an infant boy is neither a diagnostic procedure nor a treatment for disease. The limited parental surrogate powers to grant informed permission recognized by the Bioethics Committee do not extend to the granting of permission or consent for the non-therapeutic circumcision of a minor child.<ref name="aap1995" />
If the [[circumcision industry]] had actually followed this sound ethical guidance, then the [[circumcision]] of male infants would have ended abruptly. The medical industry has chosen to ignore this advice and allow parents to grant surrogate consent for non-therapeutic circumcision of male children, so that the physician income derived from circumcision may be maintained.<ref name="alissa2025-03-25B">{{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/ethical-debate-behind-circumcision/
|title=Are We Sacrificing Newborns for Tradition? The Ethical Debate Behind Circumcision
A court of appeals in Cologne, Germany [[Cologne circumcision court judgment]] ruled in 2012 that non-therapeutic male circumcision is an assault on the child, an injury to the child, and a violation of the child's rights under the [https://www.btg-bestellservice.de/pdf/80201000.pdf Basic Law of Germany]. No American court has so ruled. Until such time as an American court issues such a ruling, non-therapeutic circumcision of children in America, driven by the [[Financial Incentive| financial incentive]] is expected to continue.
At the present time, ethics and law notwithstanding, non-therapeutic circumcisions of boys are performed with parental consent.<ref name="alissa2025-03-25B">{{REFdocument |title=Are We Sacrificing Newborns for Tradition? The Ethical Debate Behind Circumcision |url=https://intactamerica.org/ethical-debate-behind-circumcision/ |contribution= |last=Alissa |first=Kristel |publisher=Intact America |format= |date=2025-03-25 |accessdate=2025-03-27}}</ref> Parents will be offered medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic circumcision and encouraged to grant consent, the sole beneficiary being the bank accounts of the hospital and the doctor. The information supplied below is intended to inform and assist parents of boys.
The Bioethics Committee (2016) of the [[American Academy of Pediatrics]] updated its guidance on informed consent in pediatric practice,<ref name="aap1995" /> however it still does not recognize the child as a human being with rights under domestic and international law.<ref>{{REFjournal
</blockquote>
Although this may be an a slight advance, Wasserman et al., speaking for the [[AAP]], still do not recognize the [[human rights]] of children.
== Correct age for circumcision ==