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→Surrogate consent: Add text and citation.
"Circumcision" actually is an irreversible [[amputation]] of a functional body part. In the [[United States]], even babies have legal rights to bodily integrity.<ref>[https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=12998230422916570030&hl=en&as_sdt=8000003&scfhb=1 Union Pac. Ry. Co v Botsford] 141 U.S. 251 (1890).</ref> Circumcision may lawfully be performed only if someone has granted a valid consent for the amputation.
We now understand that surrogates are ethically limited to granting of consent to procedures for diagnosis and treatment of existing disease.<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Myers
|first=
|init=A
|author-link=Alex Myers
|last2=Earp
|first2=
|init2=BD
|author2-link=Brian D. Earp
|etal=no
|title=What is the best age to circumcise? A medical and ethical analysis
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal= Bioethics
|location=
|date=2020
|volume=34
|issue=7
|pages=645-63
|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Brian-Earp-2/publication/337720859_What_Is_the_Best_Age_to_Circumcise_A_Medical_and_Ethical_Analysis/links/5f815f61a6fdccfd7b555395/What-Is-the-Best-Age-to-Circumcise-A-Medical-and-Ethical-Analysis.pdf
|quote=Based on a careful consideration of the relevant evidence, arguments and counterarguments, we conclude that medically unnecessary penile circumcision-like other medically unnecessary genital procedures, such as 'cosmetic' labiaplasty-should not be performed on individuals who are too young (or otherwise unable) to provide meaningful consent to the procedure.
|pubmedID=32068898
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=
|doi=10.1111/bioe.12714
|format=PDF
|accessdate=2025-09-17
}}</ref>
{{LINKS}}
* {{URLwebsite|https://www.healthychildren.org/English/Pages/default.aspx|2025-09-18}}