Changes

}}</ref> As a surgical measure, it is used to control [[pain]] or a disease process in the affected limb, such as malignancy or [[gangrene]]. In some cases, it is carried out on individuals as a preventive surgery for such problems. A special case is that of congenital amputation, a congenital disorder, where fetal limbs have been cut off by constrictive bands.<ref name="WP">{{URLwikipedia|Amputation|Amputation|2021-11-12}}</ref>