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* [[Frenula of the vulva]]
Delete dead link; Install pathology section.
| date=1995
| accessdate=
}}</ref>
==Pathology==
[[Frenulum breve]] is a condition in which the frenulum is short and restricts the movement of the foreskin, which may or may not interfere with normal sexual activity. Frenulum breve may be treated by manually expanding the shaft skin by stretching. The condition may also be treated by frenuloplasty, or frenectomy. Frenulum breve may contribute to frenular chordee, where the glans is pulled toward the vernal body of the penis.
The frenulum may be entirely missing in cases of first degree [[hypospadias]].
It is possible for the frenulum to tear during sexual activities. The frenular artery, a branch of the dorsal artery, may be severed, causing significant bleeding.
In the event of [[frenulum breve]] or frenular chordee, or to ensure that the glans can be freely and completely exposed, the frenulum may be partially or totally removed. It is also often removed in a [[circumcision]].<ref name="Griffin-Kroovand1990">{{REFjournal
|last=Griffin AS, Kroovand RL
|first=
|coauthors=
|title=Frenular chordee: implications and treatment
|journal=Urology
|date=1990
|volume=35
|issue=2
|pages=133-134
|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/009042959080060Z
|quote=
|pubmedID=2305537
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1016/0090-4295(90)80060-Z
|accessdate=2019-10-01
}}</ref><ref name="Gary2000">{{REFjournal
|last=Preiser
|first=Gary
|coauthors=Herschel, M.; Bartman, T.; Andersson, C.; Bailis, S.A.; Shechet, R.J.; Tanenbaum, B.; Kunin, S.A.; Hodges, F.M.; Fleiss, P.M.; Antonopoulos, J.; Rockney, R.; Taylor, A.; Stang, H.; Snellman, L.; Fontaine, P.; Condon, L.M.; Lannon, C.M.
|title=Circumcision—The Debates Goes On
|journal=Pediatrics
|date=2000
|volume=105
|issue=3 Pt 1
|pages=681-684
|url=
|quote=
|pubmedID=10733391
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1542/peds.105.3.681
|accessdate=
}}</ref><ref>{{REFweb
|url=http://med.stanford.edu/newborns/professional-education/circumcision.html
|title=Neonatal Circumcision: An Audiovisual Primer
|last=
|first=
|publisher=Stanford School of Medicine
|website=
|date=
|accessdate=2019-10-01
|format=
|quote=
}}</ref> It has been noted that the wound where the frenulum was amputated is usually slower to heal than the wound where the foreskin was amputated.
Song ''et al''. (2015) report that the frenulum may need to be lengthened after a circumcision amputates skin tissue from the penis.<ref>{{REFjournal
| last=Song
| first=B
| coauthors=Hou ZH, Liu QL, Qian WP.
| title=[Penile frenulum lengthening for premature ejaculation]
| journal=Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue
| date=2015-01-01
| volume=21
| issue=2
| pages=149-52
| url=
| quote=
| pubmedID=25796689
| pubmedCID=
| DOI=
| accessdate=2019-10-01
}}</ref>
== Lack of a frenulum ==
The frenulum may be missing in some males for a few reasons.
* [[Circumcision]]
* [[Foreskin]]
{{LINKS}}