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==Medical indications and therapies==
There is a group of typical conditions of the foreskin, that can occur in more or less distinct ways.
Add cost-effective treatment.
}}</ref> some check lists for school doctors‘ examinations still erroneously refer to physiological phimosis as an abnormality.
In most cases , only watchful waiting is necessary, not surgery or other treatment.
By age 10.4 years, about 50 percent of intact boys have a retractable foreskin.<ref name="Øster1968" /> <ref name-"thorvaldsen2005">{{REFjournal
|accessdate=2019-11-01
}}</ref> Most of the rest develop a retractable foreskin in their teenage years.<ref name="Øster1968" />
If treatment is deemed necessary, the application of topical steroid ointment is the most cost-effective treatment.<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Van Howe
|first=Robert S.
|author-link=Robert Van Howe
|etal=no
|title=Cost-effective treatment of phimosis
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=Pediatrics
|location=
|date=1998-04
|volume=102
|issue=
|pages=e43
|url=https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/pediatrics/102/4/e43.full.pdf
|quote=
|pubmedID=
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1542/peds.102.4.e43
|accessdate=2019-11-02
}}</ref>
Teen boys with a non-retractable foreskin may benefit by manual stretching.
==Treatment options==