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Add information on circumcision.
If after a failed attempt to stretch the foreskin with corticosteroid cream a surgical intervention is necessary, a preputioplasty is always to be preferred over classic circumcision, due to its lower morbidity, lower rate of complications and lower costs.
==Circumcision==
Circumcision is the classic treatment for phimosis, but has many disadvantages and drawbacks. Circumcision is less performed today.
* Circumcision is the most expensive treatment.
* Circumcision has a long, painful, and difficult recovery. Recovery time is placed at six weeks. Erections may cause sutures to pull out, thus opening the surgical wound. As with other surgery, complications are surgical misadventure, hemorrhage, and infection.
* Circumcision permanently and irreversibly amputates the foreskin, so its multiple protective, immunological, sensory, and sexual functions are destroyed.
* Many men report a permanent loss of sexual sensation.
* Circumcision results in a permanent [[circumcision scar]].
== Pathological phimosis ==
== Short frenulum (frenulum breve) ==
If the [[frenulum ]] is too short, it can hinder or even prohibit retraction of the foreskin. Since the underside of the glans is attached to the inner foreskin by the frenulum, it can be bent downwards due to the resulting tension when the foreskin is retracted. If the mechanical strain is too great, the frenulum can tear or rip apart. If the frenular artery, which runs within, is damaged in the process, it can lead to considerable and prolonged bleeding. When only small tears appear, it may heal spontaneously. [[Frenulum breve]] is frequently confused with phimosis.
To help the healing, lukewarm camomile baths or cremes containing panthenol can be applied. With a very short frenulum and previous large tears, surgical treatment is advised.
* Frenuloplasty, where the frenulum is cut horizontally, and sewed together vertically
* Elongation of the frenulum with a skin graft.
Circumcision is not appropriate or necessary to treat frenulum breve. Patients must be careful when consulting a urologist, because urologists earn a nice fee from performing a circumcision, so may be quick to recommend circumcision to an unwary patient.
{{SEEALSO}}