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Rao Gupta was the former Senior Fellow of the [[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]],<ref>
'''Geeta Rao Gupta''' ({{LifeData|birth=1956|birthplace=Mumbai|birthcountry=[[India]]}}) was the former Senior Fellow of the [[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]]<ref>{{REFweb
{{cite web
|last=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
  | url = http://www.gatesfoundation.org/press-releases/pages/geeta-rao-gupta-senior-fellow-091008.aspx/
|first=
| title = Geeta Rao Gupta, Ph.D., Joins Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation as a Senior Fellow
|date=2009-10-08
  | accessdate = 2011-09-19
|title=Geeta Rao Gupta, Ph.D., Joins Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation as a Senior Fellow
| date = 2009-10-08
  |url=http://www.gatesfoundation.org/press-releases/pages/geeta-rao-gupta-senior-fellow-091008.aspx
| publisher = Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
  |accessdate=2011-09-19
}}
}}</ref>, and is now the Deputy Director at [[UNICEF]].<ref>{{REFweb
</ref> and is now the Deputy Director at [[UNICEF]].<ref>
|last=UNICEF
{{cite web
|first=
  | url = http://www.unicef.org/media/media_59471.html
|date=2011-06
| title = Geeta Rao Gupta - Deputy Executive Director
|title=Geeta Rao Gupta - Deputy Executive Director
  | accessdate = 2011-09-19
  |url=http://www.unicef.org/media/media_59471.html
| date = 2011-06
  |accessdate=2011-09-19
| publisher = UNICEF
}}</ref>
}}
 
</ref> Gupta actively promotes male circumcision.<ref>
Gupta actively promotes male [[circumcision]].<ref>{{REFweb
{{citation
  |last=Global HIV Prevention Working Group
  | contribution = Bringing HIV Prevention to Scale
  |first=
| title = An Urgent Global Priority
  |date=2007-06-25
  | editor-last = Global HIV Prevention Working Group
  |title=Bringing HIV Prevention to Scale - An Urgent Global Priority
  | date = 2007-06-25
  |url=http://www.malecircumcision.org/advocacy/documents/PWG_HIV_prevention_report_web.pdf
  | id =
  |accessdate=2011-09-19
  | contribution-url = http://www.malecircumcision.org/advocacy/documents/PWG_HIV_prevention_report_web.pdf
}}</ref><ref>{{REFweb
| format = PDF
  |last=Global HIV Prevention Working Group
  | accessdate = 2011-09-19
  |first=
}}
  |date=2008-08
</ref><ref>
  |title=Global HIV Prevention Working Group. Behaviour Change and HIV Prevention - (Re)Considerations for the 21st Century
{{citation
  |url=http://www.malecircumcision.org/advocacy/documents/PWG_behavior_report_FINAL.pdf
  | contribution = Global HIV Prevention Working Group. Behaviour Change and HIV Prevention
  |accessdate=2011-09-19
  | title = (Re)Considerations for the 21st Century
}}</ref> Gupta also serves as co-convener of the Social Drivers Working Group of aids2031, an international initiative commissioned by [[UNAIDS]] to chart a course for a global response to [[AIDS]] over the next twenty-five years.<ref>{{REFweb
| editor-last = Global HIV Prevention Working Group
|last=aids2031.org
  | date = 2008-08
|first=
  | id =
|date=2008
  | contribution-url = http://www.malecircumcision.org/advocacy/documents/PWG_behavior_report_FINAL.pdf
|title=Social Drivers Working Group
| format = PDF
  |url=http://www.aids2031.org/working-groups/social-drivers
  | accessdate = 2011-09-19
  |accessdate=2011-09-19
}}
}}</ref><ref>{{REFweb
</ref> Gupta also serves as co-convener of the Social Drivers Working Group of aids2031, an international initiative commissioned by [[UNAIDS]] to chart a course for a global response to AIDS over the next twenty-five years.<ref>
|last=aids2031.org
{{cite web
|first=
  | url = http://www.aids2031.org/working-groups/social-drivers
|date=2008
| title = Social Drivers Working Group
|title=What is aids2031?
  | accessdate = 2011-09-19
  |url=http://www.aids2031.org/about
| date = 2008
  |accessdate=2011-09-19
| publisher = aids2031.org
}}</ref><ref>{{REFweb
}}
|last=UNAIDS
</ref><ref>
|first=
{{cite web
  |date=2008-02-01
  | url = http://www.aids2031.org/about
  |title=Secretary, aids2031 (unaids/08/ta2)
| title = What is aids2031?
  |url=https://erecruit.unaids.org/public/hrd-cl-vac-view.asp?jobinfo_uid_c=18784&vaclng=en
  | accessdate = 2011-09-19
|accessdate=2011-09-19
  | date = 2008
}}</ref>
  | publisher = aids2031.org
 
}}
== Population-based studies ==
</ref><ref>
{{Population-based studies}}
{{cite web
==Two African surveys==
  | url = https://erecruit.unaids.org/public/hrd-cl-vac-view.asp?jobinfo_uid_c=18784&vaclng=en
The previously reported studies were from developed Western nations. Now we have information from Sub_Saharan Africa.
  | title = Secretary, aids2031 (unaids/08/ta2)
 
  | accessdate = 2011-09-19
French scientist [[Michel Garenne]], Ph.D. has published two reports in 2022 comparing the incidence of HIV infection in [[circumcised]] and [[intact]] men.
  | date = 2008-02-01
 
  | publisher = UNAIDS
In his first report, Garenne presented the findings from a study in Lesotho, the enclave in South Africa. He reported:
}}
<blockquote>
</ref><ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geeta_Rao_Gupta More Here]</ref>
In couple studies, the effect of circumcision and VMMC on HIV was not significant, with similar transmission from female to male and male to female. The study questions the amount of effort and money spent on VMMC in Lesotho.<ref name="garenne2022A">{{REFjournal
|last=Garenne
|first=Michel
|init=M
|author-link=Michel Garenne
  |title=Changing relationships between HIV prevalence and circumcision in Lesotho
|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35373731/
  |date=2022-04-04
|journal=J Biosoc Sci
|volume=online ahead of print
  |pages=1-16
|DOI=10.1017/S0021932022000153
|pubmedID=35373731
  |accessdate=2022-10-31
}}</ref>
</blockquote>  
 
In his second report, Garenne (2022) presented information from six Sub-Saharan African nations (Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe). He reported:
<blockquote>
"Results matched earlier observations made in South Africa that [[circumcised]] and [[intact]] men had similar levels of HIV infection."<ref name="garenne2022B">{{REFjournal
|last=Garenne
|first=Michael
|init=M
|author-link=
|etal=no
|title=Age-incidence and prevalence of HIV among intact and circumcised men: an analysis of PHIA surveys in Southern Africa
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=J Biosoc Sci
|location=
|date=2022-10-26
|season=
|volume=
|issue=
|article=
|page=
|pages=1-13
|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-biosocial-science/article/abs/ageincidence-and-prevalence-of-hiv-among-intact-and-circumcised-men-an-analysis-of-phia-surveys-in-southern-africa/CAA7E7BD5A9844F41C6B7CC3573B9E50
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=36286328
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1017/S0021932022000414
|accessdate=2022-10-31
}}</ref></blockquote>
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[UNICEF]] -- Gupta is Executive Deputy Director
* [[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]] -- Gupta was Senior Fellow
* [[UNAIDS]] -- Gupta serves as co-convener of the Social Drivers Working Group
* [[Stephen H. Lewis]] -- Former Deputy Director at UNICEF
* [[United States of America]]
{{LINKS}}
* {{URLwikipedia|Geeta_Rao_Gupta|Geeta Rao Gupta|2021-11-24}}
 
{{REF}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gupta, Rao}}


==See Also==
[[Category:Person]]
*[[UNICEF]] -- Gupta is Executive Deputy Director
[[Category:Female]]
*[[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]] -- Gupta was Senior Fellow
*[[UNAIDS]] -- Gupta serves as co-convener of the Social Drivers Working Group
*[[Stephen Lewis]] -- Former Deputy Director at UNICEF


==References==
[[Category:Promoter]]
<div class='references-small'>
[[Category:Circumcision in Africa]]
<references/>
</div>


[[Category:People|Gupta, Rao]]
[[Category:India]]
[[Category:Promoters|Gupta, Rao]]
[[Category:USA]]
[[Category:Circumcision in Africa|Gupta, Rao]]
[[Category:CircLeaks]]


[[Category:Construction Site]]
[[Category:From CircLeaks]]
[[Category:From IntactWiki]]
[[Category:From IntactWiki]]
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