Infibulation: Difference between revisions

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}}</ref>

In ancient times, infibulation was thought to protect the quality of a young singer's voice.<ref name="peete2012" />

In ancient times, infibulation was thought to protect the quality of a young singer's voice.<ref name="peete2012" /><ref name="hodges2001">{{REFjournal

|last=Hodges

|first=Frederick M.

|init=FM

|author-link=Frederick M. Hodges

|etal=no

|title=The Ideal Prepuce in Ancient Greece and Rome: Male Genital Aesthetics and Their Relation to Lipodermos, Circumcision, Foreskin Restoration, and the Kynodesme

|journal=Bull Hist Med

|location=

|date=2001-09

|volume=75

|issue=3

|pages=375-405

|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/history/hodges2.php

|quote=

|pubmedID=11568485

|pubmedCID=

|DOI=10.1353/bhm.2001.0119

|accessdate=2023-12-8

}}</ref>

In ancient Greece the [[foreskin]] was closed by being tied up with a string known as the ''[[kynodesme]]'' (dogtie).<ref~~>{{REFweb~~

In ancient Greece the [[foreskin]] was closed by being tied up with a string known as the ''[[kynodesme]]'' (dogtie).<ref name="hodges2001" />

~~|url~~=~~https:~~/~~/www.liquisearch.com/infibulation/male~~

~~|title=Infibulation - Male~~

~~|last=~~

~~|first=~~

~~|accessdate=2021-11-23~~

~~}}</ref~~>

== Female infibulation ==

Female infibulation is more complex. It includes [[excision]] of the labia majora and minora and sometimes the head of the [[clitoris]]. The [[vulva]] is sutured closed except for a small opening to allow for passage of urine and menstrual blood. The procedure is sometimes called ''pharaonic circumcision''.<ref name="peete2012" />

Female infibulation is more complex. It includes [[excision]] of the [[labia majora]] and [[labia minora|minora]] and sometimes the head of the [[clitoris]]. The [[vulva]] is sutured closed except for a small opening to allow for passage of [[urine]] and menstrual blood. The procedure is sometimes called ''pharaonic circumcision''.<ref name="peete2012" />

Female infibulation is classed as Type III female genital mutilation (FGM).<ref name="peete2012" />

Female infibulation is classed as Type III [[female genital mutilation]] ([[FGM]]).<ref name="peete2012" />

[[Category:~~Term~~]]

[[Category:Circumcision term]]

[[Category:FGM]]

[[Category:Greece]]

[[Category:History]]

[[Category:Male genital mutilation]]

[[Category:Male sexuality]]

@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 }}</ref>
-In ancient times, infibulation was thought to protect the quality of a young singer's voice.<ref name="peete2012" />
+In ancient times, infibulation was thought to protect the quality of a young singer's voice.<ref name="peete2012" /><ref name="hodges2001">{{REFjournal
+ |last=Hodges
+ |first=Frederick M.
+ |init=FM
+ |author-link=Frederick M. Hodges
+ |etal=no
+ |title=The Ideal Prepuce in Ancient Greece and Rome: Male Genital Aesthetics and Their Relation to Lipodermos, Circumcision, Foreskin Restoration, and the Kynodesme
+ |journal=Bull Hist Med
+ |location=
+ |date=2001-09
+ |volume=75
+ |issue=3
+ |pages=375-405
+ |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/history/hodges2.php
+ |quote=
+ |pubmedID=11568485
+ |pubmedCID=
+ |DOI=10.1353/bhm.2001.0119
+ |accessdate=2023-12-8
+}}</ref>
-In ancient Greece the [[foreskin]] was closed by being tied up with a string known as the ''[[kynodesme]]'' (dogtie).<ref>{{REFweb
+In ancient Greece the [[foreskin]] was closed by being tied up with a string known as the ''[[kynodesme]]'' (dogtie).<ref name="hodges2001" />
- |url=https://www.liquisearch.com/infibulation/male
- |title=Infibulation - Male
- |last=
- |first=
- |accessdate=2021-11-23
-}}</ref>
 == Female infibulation ==
-Female infibulation is more complex.  It includes [[excision]] of the labia majora and minora and sometimes the head of the [[clitoris]]. The [[vulva]] is sutured closed except for a small opening to allow for passage of urine and menstrual blood. The procedure is sometimes called ''pharaonic circumcision''.<ref name="peete2012" />
+Female infibulation is more complex.  It includes [[excision]] of the [[labia majora]] and [[labia minora|minora]] and sometimes the head of the [[clitoris]]. The [[vulva]] is sutured closed except for a small opening to allow for passage of [[urine]] and menstrual blood. The procedure is sometimes called ''pharaonic circumcision''.<ref name="peete2012" />
-Female infibulation is classed as Type III female genital mutilation (FGM).<ref name="peete2012" />
+Female infibulation is classed as Type III [[female genital mutilation]] ([[FGM]]).<ref name="peete2012" />
 {{REF}}
-[[Category:Term]]
+[[Category:Circumcision term]]
 [[Category:FGM]]
+[[Category:Greece]]
+[[Category:History]]
 [[Category:Male genital mutilation]]
+[[Category:Male sexuality]]