Changes

==Population-based studies=={{PUB}} September 2021 saw the publication of two huge population studies on the relationship of [[circumcision]] and HIV infection: # Mayan et al. (2021) carried out a massive empirical study of the male population of the province of Ontario, [[Canada]] (569,950 males), of whom 203,588 (35.7%) were [[circumcised]] between 1991 and 2017. The study concluded that circumcision status is not related to risk of HIV infection.<ref name="mayan2021">* {{REFjournal |last=MayanYang |first=Madhur |init=MP

|last2=HamiltonZhu |first2=Robert J. |init2=RJX

|last3=JuurlinkPatel |first3=David N. |init3=DNEU

|last4=AustinQuin |first4=Peter C.

|last5=JarviGrabowski |first5=Keith A. |init5=KAMK

|title=Trends in Circumcision and Risk of HIV Among Newborn Males From Ontario, Canadain the US |trans-title= |journal=J UrolJAMA Pediatrics |location= |date=20212025-09-2315 |article=e252464 |url=https://www.auajournalsjamanetwork.orgcom/doijournals/pdfjamapediatrics/10.1097fullarticle/JU.00000000000022342838312 |archived= |quote=We found that circumcision was not independently associated with the risk of acquiring HIV among men from Ontario, Canada. |pubmedID=3455159340952753 |pubmedCID=12439174 |DOI=10.10971001/JUjamapediatrics.00000000000022342025.2464 |accessdate=20212025-1009-0218}}</ref># [[Morten Frisch]] & Jacob Simonsen (2021) carried out a large scale empirical population study in [[Denmark]] of 855,654 males regarding the alleged value of male circumcision in preventing HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in men. They found that [[circumcised]] men have a higher rate of STI and ==Circumcision does not prevent HIV infection overall than [[intact]] men.<ref name="frisch2021">==== Population-based studies ==={{FrischM SimonsenJ 2021Population-based studies}}</ref>===Two African surveys===The previously reported studies were from developed Western nations. Now we have information from Sub_Saharan Africa.

No association between lack French scientist [[Michel Garenne]], Ph.D. has published two reports in 2022 comparing the incidence of HIV infection in [[circumcised]] and [[intact]] men. In his first report, Garenne presented the findings from a study in Lesotho, the enclave in South Africa. He reported:<blockquote>In couple studies, the effect of circumcision and risk of VMMC on HIV infection was found by either not significant, with similar transmission from female to male and male to female. The studyquestions the amount of effort and money spent on VMMC in Lesotho.<ref name="garenne2022A">{{REFjournal |last=Garenne |first=Michel |init=M |author-link=Michel Garenne |title=Changing relationships between HIV prevalence and circumcision in Lesotho |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35373731/ |date=2022-04-04 |journal=J Biosoc Sci |volume=online ahead of print |pages=1-16 |DOI=10.1017/S0021932022000153 |pubmedID=35373731 |accessdate=2022-11-07}}</ref> </blockquote>

* [[Johns Hopkins]] -- — Assistant Professor of Pathology * [[Ronald Gray]] -- — Benefactor* [[Maria Wawer]] -- — Benefactor* [[Thomas C. Quinn]] -- — Benefactor* [[United States of America]]