Islamic circumcision: Difference between revisions

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 ==Religious requirement==
-Though absent in the Koran, male [[circumcision]] is considered a religious requirement in [[Islam]], and it is performed on male children of varying ages prior to puberty. Converts to this faith may also choose to undergo [[adult circumcision]], but it is not always required.
+Though absent in the Qur'an, male [[circumcision]] is considered a religious requirement in [[Islam]], and it is performed on male children of varying ages prior to [[puberty]]. Converts to this faith may also choose to undergo [[adult circumcision]], but it is not always required.
+Hossein Dabbagh (2022) questions the religious requirement for [[circumcision]] (''khitan'') in [[Islam]].<ref name="dabbagh2022">{{REFjournal
+ |last=Dabbagh
+ |first=
+ |init=H
+ |author-link=
+ |etal=no
+ |title=Is Circumcision “Necessary” in Islam? A Philosophical Argument Based on Peer Disagreement
+ |trans-title=
+ |language=
+ |journal=J Relig Health
+ |location=
+ |date=2022-08-24
+ |volume=61
+ |issue=6
+ |pages=4871-86
+ |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10943-022-01635-0
+ |archived=
+ |quote=
+ |pubmedID=36006531
+ |pubmedCID=9569283
+ |DOI=10.1007/s10943-022-01635-0
+ |accessdate=2025-07-18
+}}</ref>
 ==Psychological issues==
 Cansever (1965) administered psychological tests to twelve 5-to-7-year-old Turkish boys before and after [[Islam| Islamic]] circumcision and reported the results in her landmark paper, which was published in the ''British Journal of Medical Psychology'' in December 1965.<ref name="cansever1965">{{REFjournal
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   |accessdate=2023-10-01
 }}</ref>
+Prescott (1975) argued that a decrease in sexual pleasure causes an increases in violence:
+<blockquote>
+If we strive to increase the pleasure in our lives this will also affect the ways we express aggression and hostility. The reciprocal relationship between pleasure and violence is such that one inhibits the other; when physical pleasure is high, physical violence is low. When violence is high, pleasure is low. This basic premise of the somatosensory pleasure deprivation theory provides us with the tools necessary to fashion a world of peaceful, affectionate, cooperative individuals.<ref name="prescott1975">{{REFjournal
+ |last=Prescott
+ |init=JW
+ |author-link=James W. Prescott
+ |url=http://www.violence.de/prescott/bulletin/article.html
+ |title=Body Pleasure and the Origins of Violence
+ |journal=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
+ |date=1975-11
+ |volume=
+ |issue=
+ |pages=10-20
+ |accessdate=2025-04-27
+}}</ref>
+</blockquote>
+De Mause (1996) argued that early [[trauma]] results in aggressive adult behavior.<ref name="demause1996">{{REFjournal
+ |last=De Mause
+ |first=Lloyd
+ |init=
+ |author-link=
+ |etal=no
+ |title=Restaging Fetal Traumas in War and Social Violence
+ |journal=Pre- and Perinatal Psychology Journal
+ |location=
+ |date=1996
+ |volume=23
+ |issue=4
+ |pages=344-92
+ |url=http://www.mattes.de/buecher/praenatale_psychologie/PP_PDF/PP_08_2_deMause.pdf
+ |archived=
+ |quote=
+ |pubmedID=11609155
+ |pubmedCID=
+ |DOI=
+ |accessdate=2025-04-27
+}}</ref>
+It is not clear whether the prevalence of Islamic and [[ritual circumcision]] causes a high level of violence in the Middle East.
 ==The harm of circumcision==
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 {{SEEALSO}}
 * [[Circumcision]]
+* [[Circumcision and violence]]
 * [[Religion and culture]]
+* [[Surrogate_consent]]
 {{REF}}
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 [[Category:Circumcision]]
 [[Category:Islam]]
+[[Category:Muslim]]
+[[Category:Psychology]]