South Korea: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Flag_of_South_Korea.svg|thumb|150px|Flag of South Korea]] | [[File:Flag_of_South_Korea.svg|thumb|150px|Flag of South Korea]] | ||
'''South Korea''', a traditionally non-circumcising nation, nevertheless, adopted the practice of non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] during and after the Korean War (1950-53). The adoption of [[circumcision]] may be traced to 1950, when the [[United States]], which was then a nation devoted to circumcision, intervened in the Korean War (1950- | '''South Korea''', a traditionally non-circumcising nation, nevertheless, adopted the practice of non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] during and after the Korean War (1950-53). The adoption of [[circumcision]] may be traced to 1950, when the [[United States]], which was then a nation devoted to circumcision, intervened in the Korean War (1950-53) and large numbers of mostly [[circumcised]] American troops, attended by mostly [[circumcised doctors]] in the American medical corps, were sent into South Korea to aid in its defense.<ref name="kim1999">{{REFjournal | ||
|last=Kim | |last=Kim | ||
|first= | |first=Dai Sik | ||
|init=DS | |init=DS | ||
|author-link= | |author-link=Dai Sik Kim | ||
|last2=Lee | |last2=Lee | ||
|first2= | |first2= | ||
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|quote= | |quote= | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
A 1971 study of men who were being examined for military service found that only five percent of the men were [[circumcised]]. These men must have been born just before or during the Korean War, but were not [[circumcised]], so this indicates that the onset of non-therapeutic circumcision is of more recent vintage.<ref>{{REFjournal | A 1971 study of South Korean men who were being examined for military service found that only five percent of the men were [[circumcised]]. These men must have been born just before or during the Korean War, but were not [[circumcised]], so this indicates that the onset of non-therapeutic circumcision is of more recent vintage.<ref>{{REFjournal | ||
|last=Jung | |last=Jung | ||
|init=KM | |init=KM | ||
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===Usual age for circumcision=== | ===Usual age for circumcision=== | ||
Most Korean males are [[circumcised]] not in infancy but at puberty, as teenagers or in their 20s, so it is now viewed as a "rite of passage". [[Circumcision]] in infancy is rare in South Korea.<ref name="kim1999" /> Ku ''et al''. (2003) reported "a positive attitude toward circumcision in South Korean men, linking it with hygienic practices." They also reported the decision to circumcise was most often made by parents.<ref name="ku2003">{{REFjournal | Most Korean males are [[circumcised]] not in infancy but at [[puberty]], as teenagers or in their 20s, so it is now viewed as a "rite of passage". [[Circumcision]] in infancy is rare in South Korea.<ref name="kim1999" /> Ku ''et al''. (2003) reported "a positive attitude toward circumcision in South Korean men, linking it with hygienic practices." They also reported the decision to circumcise was most often made by parents.<ref name="ku2003">{{REFjournal | ||
|last=Ku | |last=Ku | ||
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|author-link= | |author-link= | ||
|last2=Kim | |last2=Kim | ||
|first2= | |first2=Dai Sik | ||
|init2=DS | |init2=DS | ||
|author2-link= | |author2-link=Dai Sik Kim | ||
|etal=no | |etal=no | ||
|title=Extraordinarily high rates of male circumcision in South Korea: history and underlying causes | |title=Extraordinarily high rates of male circumcision in South Korea: history and underlying causes | ||
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==Medical research== | ==Medical research== | ||
Kim & Pang (2007) studied the effect of the [[foreskin]] on [[masturbation]]. They reported that masturbatory pleasure decreased in 48% of the respondents and increased in 8%, while difficulty increased in 63% but was easier in 37%. They concluded that there was a decrease in masturbatory pleasure after [[adult circumcision| circumcision]].<ref name="kimpang2007">{{ | Kim & Pang (2007) studied the effect of the [[foreskin]] on [[masturbation]]. They reported that masturbatory pleasure decreased in 48% of the respondents and increased in 8%, while difficulty increased in 63% but was easier in 37%. They concluded that there was a decrease in masturbatory pleasure after [[adult circumcision| circumcision]].<ref name="kimpang2007">{{KimDS PangMG 2007}}</ref> | ||
}}</ref> | |||
==Declining rate of male circumcision reported== | ==Declining rate of male circumcision reported== | ||
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Kim et al. (2012) reported a new survey carried out in 2010-11 that found a sharp decline in the incidence of circumcision. The circumcision rate in the age 14–16 age group had declined over a decade from 88.4% to 56.4%. The circumcision rate in the 17–19 age group Had declined from 95.2% to 74.4%. The authors attributed the decline to the availability of better information on male non-therapeutic circumcision. The authors suggested that the practice of male circumcision is in steep decline in South Korea.<ref name="kim2012">{{REFjournal | Kim et al. (2012) reported a new survey carried out in 2010-11 that found a sharp decline in the incidence of circumcision. The circumcision rate in the age 14–16 age group had declined over a decade from 88.4% to 56.4%. The circumcision rate in the 17–19 age group Had declined from 95.2% to 74.4%. The authors attributed the decline to the availability of better information on male non-therapeutic circumcision. The authors suggested that the practice of male circumcision is in steep decline in South Korea.<ref name="kim2012">{{REFjournal | ||
|last=Kim | |last=Kim | ||
|first= | |first=Dai Sik | ||
|init=DS | |init=DS | ||
|author-link= | |author-link=Dai Sik Kim | ||
|last2=Koo | |last2=Koo | ||
|first2=Sung-Ae | |first2=Sung-Ae | ||
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|DOI=10.1186/1471-2458-12-1067 | |DOI=10.1186/1471-2458-12-1067 | ||
|accessdate=2012-01 | |accessdate=2012-01 | ||
}}</ref> | |||
The percentage of males [[circumcised]] in South Korea (prevalence) is reported to be 77%.<ref>{{REFweb | |||
|url=https://circstatistics.github.io/ | |||
|title=Global Circumcision Statistics and Estimates | |||
|last= | |||
|first= | |||
|init= | |||
|publisher=https://circstatistics.github.io | |||
|date=2024-04-01 | |||
|accessdate=2024-04-01 | |||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
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{{SEEALSO}} | {{SEEALSO}} | ||
* [[Dai Sik Kim]] | * [[Dai Sik Kim]] | ||
* [[Foreskin restoration information for circumcised teens]] | |||
* [[Intact South Korea]] | * [[Intact South Korea]] | ||
* [[Human rights]] | * [[Human rights]] | ||
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[[Category:Male circumcision]] | [[Category:Male circumcision]] | ||
[[Category:Country]] | |||
[[Category:Human rights]] | [[Category:Human rights]] | ||
[[Category:Korea]] | [[Category:Korea]] | ||