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There are four painful steps in every infant circumcision:
There are four painful steps in every infant circumcision:


1. Before circumcision surgery can commence, the surgeon must first forcibly separate these two highly innervated body parts in an exquisitely painful procedure by the passage of a blunt probe between the two parts to rip and tear the [[synechia]] apart.<ref>{{REFjournal
# Before circumcision surgery can commence, the surgeon must first forcibly separate these two highly innervated body parts in an exquisitely painful procedure by the passage of a blunt probe between the two parts to rip and tear the [[synechia]] apart.<ref>{{REFjournal
  |last=Oliver
  |last=Oliver
  |first=JE
  |first=JE
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  |accessdate=2020-11-08
  |accessdate=2020-11-08
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
 
# Next, in another painful step, a [[dorsal slit]] must be cut in the foreskin, so that a special clamp can be installed.
2. Next, in another painful step, a [[dorsal slit]] must be cut in the foreskin, so that a special clamp can be installed.
# The foreskin is erogenous tissue,<ref>{{REFjournal
 
3. The foreskin is erogenous tissue,<ref>{{REFjournal
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  |last=Falliers
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  |first=
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  |accessdate=2020-11-08
  |accessdate=2020-11-08
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
 
# Finally, in another, painful step, the foreskin must be cut away.
4. Finally, in another, painful step, the foreskin must be cut away.


Lander ''et al''. (1997) conducted a comparison of no anesthesia (current practice in 1997), ring block, dorsal penile nerve block, and a topical eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA).  
Lander ''et al''. (1997) conducted a comparison of no anesthesia (current practice in 1997), ring block, dorsal penile nerve block, and a topical eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA).