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Male circumcision always results in the permanent and irreversible loss of the [[foreskin]], a structure with protective, immunological, sexual, and sensory functions. The  loss of the protective and immunological functions are harmful to physical health. The loss of the sensory and sexual functions are harmful to [[https://en.intactiwiki.org/index.php/Sexual_effects_of_circumcision| sexual]] and [[Psychological issues of male circumcision| mental]] health. We have long known that non-therapeutic circumcision of children sometimes results in [[death]]. [[Douglas Gairdner]] (1949) reported circumcision caused  nineteen deaths in England and Wales in 1946.<ref name="fate1949">{{REFjournal
Male circumcision always results in the permanent and irreversible loss of the [[foreskin]], a structure with protective, immunological, sexual, and sensory functions. The  loss of the protective and immunological functions are harmful to physical health. The loss of the sensory and sexual functions are harmful to [[https://en.intactiwiki.org/index.php/Sexual_effects_of_circumcision| sexual]] and [[Psychological issues of male circumcision| mental]] health. We have long known that non-therapeutic circumcision of children sometimes results in [[death]]. [[Douglas Gairdner]] (1949) reported circumcision caused  nineteen deaths in England and Wales in 1946.<ref name="fate1949">{{REFjournal
  |last=Gairdner
  |last=Gairdner
  |first=D.M.
  |init=DM
  |title=The fate of the foreskin: a study of circumcision
  |title=The fate of the foreskin: a study of circumcision
  |journal=British Medical Journal
  |journal=British Medical Journal
Line 195: Line 195:
  |last=Bollinger
  |last=Bollinger
  |first=Dan
  |first=Dan
|init=D
  |author-link=Dan Bollinger
  |author-link=Dan Bollinger
  |last2=Boy's Health Advisory
  |last2=Boy's Health Advisory
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==Let the child decide==
==Let the child decide==
The [[Declaration of Helsinki (2012)]] declared the ''right of genital autonomy'', which derives from the right of every human being to ''security of person''.  Svoboda (2015) reports there now is an emerging consensus that a decision to perform a non-therapeutic circumcision should be deferred until the child is of age and can decide for himself about having an amputation of his [[foreskin]].<ref name="svoboda2015">{{REFjournal|last=Svoboda
The [[Declaration of Helsinki (2012)]] declared the ''right of genital autonomy'', which derives from the right of every human being to ''security of person''.  Svoboda (2015) reports there now is an emerging consensus that a decision to perform a non-therapeutic circumcision should be deferred until the child is of age and can decide for himself about having an amputation of his [[foreskin]].<ref name="svoboda2015">{{REFjournal
|last=Svoboda
  |first=J. Steven
  |first=J. Steven
|init=JS
  |author-link=J. Steven Svoboda
  |author-link=J. Steven Svoboda
  |etal=no
  |etal=no
  |title=Growing world consensus to leave circumcision decision to the affected individual
  |title=Growing world consensus to leave circumcision decision to the affected individual
|trans-title=
|language=
  |journal=Am J Bioethics
  |journal=Am J Bioethics
  |location=
  |location=
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  |last=Svoboda
  |last=Svoboda
  |first=J. Steven
  |first=J. Steven
|init=JS
  |author-link=J. Steven Svoboda
  |author-link=J. Steven Svoboda
  |etal=no
  |etal=no
  |title=Circumcision of male infants as a human rights violation
  |title=Circumcision of male infants as a human rights violation
|trans-title=
|language=
  |journal=J Med Ethics
  |journal=J Med Ethics
  |location=
  |location=
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}}
}}
* {{REFjournal
* {{REFjournal
  |last=McLaughlin, Jr.
  |last=McLaughlin Jr
  |first=Paul Jerome
  |first=Paul Jerome
|init=PJ
  |author-link=
  |author-link=
  |title=Legal and Medical Ethical Entanglements of Infant Male Circumcision and International Law
  |title=Legal and Medical Ethical Entanglements of Infant Male Circumcision and International Law
  |journal= Journal of Medical Law and Ethics
  |journal=Journal of Medical Law and Ethics
  |date=2016-4
  |date=2016-4
  |volume=4
  |volume=4
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