Posttraumatic stress disorder: Difference between revisions

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===Child circumcision as a traumatizing event===

When an infant boy is to be circumcised, it is the usual practice to immobilize the infant for the [[Pain| painful]] surgery by securely tying his limbs to a molded plastic board specially made for that purpose. The infant thus is preventing from fighting or fleeing, which is the trauma-producing situation of ''inescapable [[shock]]'', described as a "physical condition in which the organism cannot do anything to affect the inevitable."<ref name="vanderkolk2014B">{{REFbook

When an infant boy is to be circumcised, it is the usual practice to immobilize the infant for the [[Pain| painful]] surgery by securely tying his limbs to a molded plastic board specially made for that purpose. The infant thus is preventing from fighting or fleeing, which is the [[trauma]]-producing situation of ''inescapable [[shock]]'', described as a "physical condition in which the organism cannot do anything to affect the inevitable."<ref name="vanderkolk2014B">{{REFbook

|last=van der Kolk

|first=Bessel

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Taddio et al. (1997) concluded:

Although postsurgical central sensitisation (allodynia and hyperalgesia) can extend to sites of the body distal from the wound, suggesting a supraspinal effect, the long-term consequences of surgery done without anaesthesia are likely to include post-traumatic stress as well as pain. It is, therefore, possible that the greater vaccination response in the infants circumcised without anaesthesia may represent an <u>infant analogue of a post-traumatic stress disorder</u> triggered by a traumatic and painful event and re-experienced under similar circumstances of pain during vaccination.<ref name="taddio1997" />

Although postsurgical central sensitisation (allodynia and hyperalgesia) can extend to sites of the body distal from the wound, suggesting a supraspinal effect, the long-term consequences of surgery done without anaesthesia are likely to include post-traumatic stress as well as [[pain]]. It is, therefore, possible that the greater vaccination response in the infants circumcised without anaesthesia may represent an <u>infant analogue of a post-traumatic stress disorder</u> triggered by a traumatic and painful event and re-experienced under similar circumstances of pain during vaccination.<ref name="taddio1997" />

</blockquote>

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 ===Child circumcision as a traumatizing event===
-When an infant boy is to be circumcised, it is the usual practice to immobilize the infant for the [[Pain| painful]] surgery by securely tying his limbs to a molded plastic board specially made for that purpose. The infant thus is preventing from fighting or fleeing, which is the trauma-producing situation of ''inescapable [[shock]]'', described as a "physical condition in which the organism cannot do anything to affect the inevitable."<ref name="vanderkolk2014B">{{REFbook
+When an infant boy is to be circumcised, it is the usual practice to immobilize the infant for the [[Pain| painful]] surgery by securely tying his limbs to a molded plastic board specially made for that purpose. The infant thus is preventing from fighting or fleeing, which is the [[trauma]]-producing situation of ''inescapable [[shock]]'', described as a "physical condition in which the organism cannot do anything to affect the inevitable."<ref name="vanderkolk2014B">{{REFbook
   |last=van der Kolk
   |first=Bessel
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 Taddio et al. (1997) concluded:
 <blockquote>
-Although postsurgical central sensitisation (allodynia and hyperalgesia) can extend to sites of the body distal from the wound, suggesting a supraspinal effect, the long-term consequences of surgery done without anaesthesia are likely to include post-traumatic stress as well as pain. It is, therefore, possible that the greater vaccination response in the infants circumcised without anaesthesia may represent an <u>infant analogue of a post-traumatic stress disorder</u> triggered by a traumatic and painful event and re-experienced under similar circumstances of pain during vaccination.<ref name="taddio1997" />
+Although postsurgical central sensitisation (allodynia and hyperalgesia) can extend to sites of the body distal from the wound, suggesting a supraspinal effect, the long-term consequences of surgery done without anaesthesia are likely to include post-traumatic stress as well as [[pain]]. It is, therefore, possible that the greater vaccination response in the infants circumcised without anaesthesia may represent an <u>infant analogue of a post-traumatic stress disorder</u> triggered by a traumatic and painful event and re-experienced under similar circumstances of pain during vaccination.<ref name="taddio1997" />
 </blockquote>