Haemorrhage
Haemorrhage (bleeding) is [a]n abnormal escape of blood from an artery, a vein, an arteriole, a venule or a capillary network. Haemorrhage may occur into a body cavity or organ, into tissues such as muscles, or externally by way of a wound. Internal haemorrhage often causes a HAEMATOMA. Severe haemorrhage results in dangerous loss of circulating blood volume and there may be insufficient to supply the heart muscle and the brain. This is inevitably fatal unless a rapid transfusion of blood is given. Insufficient circulating fluid causes the syndrome of surgical SHOCK for which fluid replacement is urgently needed. This need not be whole blood; an infusion of salt water (saline) can save life.[1]
Haemorrhage after circumcision
Circumcision is an amputative surgical operation that severs arteries and veins as it amputates the foreskin. As with any surgical operation, haemorrhage is an expected complication of surgery.[2][3]
Strong haemorrhage after a circumcision of a boy was the trigger for the Cologne circumcision court judgment in 2012.
Statistics
Feinberg et al. (2010) collected data on 537 collective Gomco circumcisions. They found 24 bleeds (4.47%). Bleeding was significantly associated with lack of operator experience.[4]
Heras et al. (2018) collected data on 1,115 circumcisions. They found 41 complications (3.9%), all involving haemorrhage. Three patients required sutures.[5]
Litwiller et al. (2018) collected data on 260 circumcisions using the Gomco clamp. They compared statistics of circumcisions of newborn infants from the normal newborn nursery (NNN) with those from the Newborn Intensive Care Unit (NICU). They found a bleeding rate of 9.6% among neonates from the NNN, but a bleeding rate of 22% among neonates from the NICU.[6]
Deaths
Hiss et al. (2000) reported the death of an infant from haemorrhage following ritual circumcision in Israel.[7]
See also
References
- ↑
(2004). Haemorrhage
, The Free Dictionary. Retrieved 20 January 2022. - ↑
Kaplan GW. Complications of circumcision. Urol Clin N Amer. August 1983; 10(3): 543-9. PMID. Retrieved 20 January 2022.
- ↑ Williams N, Kapilla L. Complications of circumcision.. Brit J Surg. October 1993; 80(10): 1231-6. PMID. DOI. Retrieved 20 January 2022.
- ↑ Feinberg, Arthur N., Brust, Rita A., Walker, Travis A.. Bleeding at Circumcision: Patient or Operator Issue?. Clin Pediatr (Phila). August 2010; 49(8): 760-3. PMID. DOI. Retrieved 21 January 2022.
- ↑ Heras, Andrea, Vallejo, Victoria, Pineda, Marcela L., Jacobs, Allan J., Cohen, Lourdes. Immediate Complications of Elective Newborn Circumcision. Hosp Pediatr. October 2018; 8(10): 615-9. PMID. DOI. Retrieved 21 January 2022.
- ↑ Litwiller, Abigail R., Browne, Courtney, Haas, David M.. Circumcision bleeding complications: neonatal intensive care infants compared to those in the normal newborn nursery. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. June 2018; 31(11): 1513-6. PMID. DOI. Retrieved 21 January 2022.
- ↑ Hiss J, horowitz A, Kahana T. Fatal haemorrhage following male ritual circumcision. J Clin Forensic Med. March 2000; 7(1): 32-4. PMID. DOI. Retrieved 21 January 2022.
