Difference between revisions of "Penile herpes simplex virus type 1 infection (after Jewish ritual circumcision)"

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'''Penile herpes simplex virus type 1 infection (after Jewish ritual circumcision)''' is caused by the practice of ''meẓiẓah b'peh'' by ''mohelim'' in which the newly circumcised penis of the infant boy is taken into the mouth of the attending ''[[mohel]]'' and sucked.<ref>{{REFweb
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'''Penile herpes simplex virus type 1 infection (after Jewish ritual circumcision)''' is caused by the practice of ''[[metzitzah b'peh]]'' by ''[[mohel]]im'' in which the newly [[Circumcision|circumcised]] [[penis]] of the infant boy is taken into the mouth of the attending ''[[mohel]]'' and sucked.<ref>{{REFweb
 
  |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/circumcision-brit-milah
 
  |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/circumcision-brit-milah
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|archived=
 
 
  |title=Jewish Practices & Rituals: Circumcision - Brit Milah
 
  |title=Jewish Practices & Rituals: Circumcision - Brit Milah
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|trans-title=
 
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|language=
 
 
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  |accessdate=2022-02-13
 
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  |quote=Traditionally, the mohel sucked blood from the circumcised penis.
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  |quote=Traditionally, the [[mohel]] sucked blood from the circumcised [[penis]].
 
}}</ref>
 
}}</ref>
  
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Holt (1913) showed the practice to cause infection with tuberculosis more than one hundred years ago.<ref name="holt1913">{{REFjournal
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[[L. Emmett Holt|Holt]] (1913) showed the practice to cause [[infection]] with tuberculosis more than one hundred years ago.<ref name="holt1913">{{REFjournal
 
  |last=Holt
 
  |last=Holt
 
  |init=LE
 
  |init=LE
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==Herpes simplex virus infection==
 
==Herpes simplex virus infection==
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More recently reports of infant boys being infected with [[herpes]] simplex virus have come from the [[United States]] and [[Israel]].
  
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More recently reports of infant boys being infected with herpes simplex virus have come from New York and Israel.
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===United States===
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Cases of infection of baby boys with herpes simplex have been reported in New York. Rubin & Lanzkowsky (2000) reported two  cases of cutaneous herpes simplex infection after [[Jewish circumcision|ritual circumcision]].<ref name="rubin2000">{{REFjournal
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Cases of infection of baby boys with herpes simplex have been reported in New York. Rubin & Lanzkowsky (2000) reported two  cases of cutaneous herpes simplex infection after ritual circumcision.<ref name="rubin2000">{{REFjournal
 
 
  |last=Rubin
 
  |last=Rubin
 
  |first=
 
  |first=
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  |etal=no
 
  |etal=no
 
  |title=Cutaneous neonatal herpes simplex infection associated with ritual circumcision
 
  |title=Cutaneous neonatal herpes simplex infection associated with ritual circumcision
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|trans-title=
 
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|language=
 
 
  |journal=Pediatr Infect Dis J
 
  |journal=Pediatr Infect Dis J
 
  |location=
 
  |location=
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  |DOI= 10.1097/00006454-200003000-00025
 
  |DOI= 10.1097/00006454-200003000-00025
 
  |accessdate=2022-02-13
 
  |accessdate=2022-02-13
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}}</ref> Gesundheit et al. (2004) reported eight cases of HSV infection following ritual circumcision with oral suction. One infant developed HSV encephalitis with neurologic sequelae (long-term brain damage manifested by
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}}</ref> Gesundheit et al. (2004) reported eight cases of HSV infection following [[Brit Milah| ritual circumcision]] with oral suction. One infant developed HSV encephalitis with neurologic sequelae (long-term brain damage manifested by
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seizures and infantile spasms). Four had recurrent episodes. Six were treated with intravenous intravenous acyclovir. Infant with recurrent HSV infection were treated with oral acyclovir. Four mohels tested positive for HSV.<ref name="gesundheit2004">{{REFjournal
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seizures and infantile spasms). Four had recurrent episodes. Six were treated with intravenous intravenous acyclovir. Infants with recurrent HSV infection were treated with oral acyclovir. Four mohels tested positive for HSV.<ref name="gesundheit2004">{{REFjournal
 
  |last=Gesundheit
 
  |last=Gesundheit
 
  |first=Benjamin
 
  |first=Benjamin
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  |etal=no
 
  |etal=no
 
  |title=Neonatal genital herpes simplex virus type 1 infection after Jewish ritual circumcision: modern medicine and religious tradition
 
  |title=Neonatal genital herpes simplex virus type 1 infection after Jewish ritual circumcision: modern medicine and religious tradition
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|trans-title=
 
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|language=
 
 
  |journal=Pediatrics
 
  |journal=Pediatrics
 
  |location=
 
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  |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Martin-Petric/publication/8424332_Neonatal_Genital_Herpes_Simplex_Virus_Type_1_Infection_After_Jewish_Ritual_Circumcision_Modern_Medicine_and_Religious_Tradition/links/0c9605241c92212acb000000/Neonatal-Genital-Herpes-Simplex-Virus-Type-1-Infection-After-Jewish-Ritual-Circumcision-Modern-Medicine-and-Religious-Tradition.pdf
 
  |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Martin-Petric/publication/8424332_Neonatal_Genital_Herpes_Simplex_Virus_Type_1_Infection_After_Jewish_Ritual_Circumcision_Modern_Medicine_and_Religious_Tradition/links/0c9605241c92212acb000000/Neonatal-Genital-Herpes-Simplex-Virus-Type-1-Infection-After-Jewish-Ritual-Circumcision-Modern-Medicine-and-Religious-Tradition.pdf
 
  |archived=
 
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  |quote=The cultural process of replacing ancientcustoms by modern wound care has to be encouraged by a heightened awareness of this potentially life-threatening medical complication.
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  |quote=The cultural process of replacing ancient customs by modern wound care has to be encouraged by a heightened awareness of this potentially life-threatening medical complication.
 
  |pubmedID=15286266
 
  |pubmedID=15286266
 
  |pubmedCID=
 
  |pubmedCID=
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  |accessdate=2022-02-13
 
  |accessdate=2022-02-13
 
}}</ref>   
 
}}</ref>   
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One death and brain damage in another has occurred.<ref name="frieden2005">{{REFdocument
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[[Thomas R. Frieden]], {{MD}}, {{MPH}}, then New York City Health Commissioner, in an open letter to the Jewish community reported that one death and brain damage in another had occurred and warned against the practice of ''[[metzitzah b'peh]]''.<ref name="frieden2005">{{REFdocument
 
  |title=An open letter to the Jewish Community from the New York City Health Commissioner
 
  |title=An open letter to the Jewish Community from the New York City Health Commissioner
 
  |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061214110055/http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/downloads/pdf/std/std-bris-commishletter.pdf
 
  |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061214110055/http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/downloads/pdf/std/std-bris-commishletter.pdf
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}}</ref>
 
}}</ref>
  
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Distel et al. (2003) reported a case of herpes simplex infection after ritual circumcision in Israel.<ref name="distel2003">{{REFjournal
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=== [[Israel]] ===
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Distel et al. (2003) reported a case of herpes simplex infection after ritual circumcision in [[Israel]].<ref name="distel2003">{{REFjournal
 
  |last=Distel
 
  |last=Distel
 
  |first=Rotem
 
  |first=Rotem
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  |init=R
 
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  |last2=Hofer
 
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  |init2=V
 
  |author2-link=
 
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  |last3=Boggen-Goren
 
  |last3=Boggen-Goren
 
  |first3=Sarah
 
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  |init3=S
 
  |author3-link=
 
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  |etal=yes
 
  |etal=yes
 
  |title=Primary genital herpes simplex infection associated with Jewish ritual circumcision
 
  |title=Primary genital herpes simplex infection associated with Jewish ritual circumcision
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  |journal=Isr Med Assoc J
 
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  |DOI=
 
  |DOI=
 
  |accessdate=2022-02-13
 
  |accessdate=2022-02-13
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}}</ref>
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}}</ref> Koren et al. (2013) surveyed births in [[Israel]] over an eight year period. Twenty-two cases of neonatal herpes simplex virus (NHSV) infection were found. One boy died.<ref name="koren2013">{{REFjournal
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Koren et al. (2013) surveyed births in Israel over an eight year period. Twenty-two cases of neonatal herpes simplex virus (NHSV) infection were found. One boy died.
 
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<ref name="koren2013">{{REFjournal
 
 
  |last=Koren
 
  |last=Koren
 
  |first=Amir
 
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  |init=A
 
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  |last2=Tasher
 
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  |title=Neonatal herpes simplex virus infections in Israel.
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  |title=Neonatal herpes simplex virus infections in Israel
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|trans-title=
 
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|language=
 
 
  |journal=Pediatr Infect Dis J
 
  |journal=Pediatr Infect Dis J
 
  |location=
 
  |location=
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  |DOI=10.1097/INF.0b013e3182717f0b  
 
  |DOI=10.1097/INF.0b013e3182717f0b  
 
  |accessdate=2022-02-12
 
  |accessdate=2022-02-12
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}}</ref>  
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}}</ref> Tzvi-Behr et al. (2016) reported five cases of infants with genital herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection after Jewish ritual circumcision. All infants were treated with intravenous acyclovir for 14 to 21 days as recommended, and were discharged at good clinical condition. One infant still suffered from febrile seizures after one year.<ref name="tzvi-behr2016">{{REFjournal
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|last=Tzvi-Behr
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|first=Shimrit
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|init=S
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|author-link=
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|last2=Schlesinger
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|first2=Yechiel
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|init2=Y
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|author2-link=
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|last3=Bar-Meir
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|first3=Masket
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|init3=M
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|author3-link=
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|last4=Megged
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|first4=Orli
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|init4=O
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|author4-link=
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|etal=no
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|title=Neonatal Genital HSV-1 After Jewish Circumcision
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|journal=Clin Pediatr (Phila)
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|location=
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|date=2016-11
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|volume=55
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|issue=13
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|article=
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|page=
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|pages=1245-47
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|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5076714/
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|archived=
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|quote=Herpes simplex infection in newborns is a life-threatening infection with high rates of morbidity and mortality.
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|pubmedID=26450981
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|pubmedCID=5076714
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|DOI=10.1177/0009922815610658
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|accessdate=2022-02-13
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}}</ref>
  
 
{{SEEALSO}}
 
{{SEEALSO}}
 
* [[Abrahamic covenant]]
 
* [[Abrahamic covenant]]
 
* [[Brit Milah]]
 
* [[Brit Milah]]
 +
* [[Infection]]
 +
* [[Israel}}
 
* [[Metzitzah b'peh]]
 
* [[Metzitzah b'peh]]
  
 +
{{ABBR}}
 
{{REF}}
 
{{REF}}
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[[Category:Circumcision complication]]
 
[[Category:Circumcision complication]]
 
[[Category:Israel]]
 
[[Category:Israel]]
 +
[[Category:USA]]
 
[[Category:Jewish]]
 
[[Category:Jewish]]
 
[[Category:Mohel]]
 
[[Category:Mohel]]
 
[[Category:Religion]]
 
[[Category:Religion]]
 +
 +
[[de:Penis-Herpes-simplex-Virus-Typ-1-Infektion (nach jüdischer ritueller Beschneidung)]]

Latest revision as of 21:01, 11 April 2024

Penile herpes simplex virus type 1 infection (after Jewish ritual circumcision) is caused by the practice of metzitzah b'peh by mohelim in which the newly circumcised penis of the infant boy is taken into the mouth of the attending mohel and sucked.[1]

Holt (1913) showed the practice to cause infection with tuberculosis more than one hundred years ago.[2]

Herpes simplex virus infection

More recently reports of infant boys being infected with herpes simplex virus have come from the United States and Israel.

United States

Cases of infection of baby boys with herpes simplex have been reported in New York. Rubin & Lanzkowsky (2000) reported two cases of cutaneous herpes simplex infection after ritual circumcision.[3] Gesundheit et al. (2004) reported eight cases of HSV infection following ritual circumcision with oral suction. One infant developed HSV encephalitis with neurologic sequelae (long-term brain damage manifested by seizures and infantile spasms). Four had recurrent episodes. Six were treated with intravenous intravenous acyclovir. Infants with recurrent HSV infection were treated with oral acyclovir. Four mohels tested positive for HSV.[4]

Thomas R. Frieden, M.D.[a 1], M.P.H.[a 2], then New York City Health Commissioner, in an open letter to the Jewish community reported that one death and brain damage in another had occurred and warned against the practice of metzitzah b'peh.[5]

Israel

Distel et al. (2003) reported a case of herpes simplex infection after ritual circumcision in Israel.[6] Koren et al. (2013) surveyed births in Israel over an eight year period. Twenty-two cases of neonatal herpes simplex virus (NHSV) infection were found. One boy died.[7] Tzvi-Behr et al. (2016) reported five cases of infants with genital herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection after Jewish ritual circumcision. All infants were treated with intravenous acyclovir for 14 to 21 days as recommended, and were discharged at good clinical condition. One infant still suffered from febrile seizures after one year.[8]

See also

Abbreviations

  1. ↑ REFweb Doctor of Medicine, Wikipedia. Retrieved 14 June 2021. In the United Kingdom, Ireland and some Commonwealth countries, the abbreviation MD is common.
  2. ↑ REFweb Master of Public Health or Master of Philosophy in Public Health, Wikipedia. Retrieved 14 June 2021.

References

  1. ↑ REFweb (2008). Jewish Practices & Rituals: Circumcision - Brit Milah, Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved 13 February 2022.
    Quote: Traditionally, the mohel sucked blood from the circumcised penis.
  2. ↑ REFjournal Holt LE. Tuberculosis acquired through ritual circumcision. JAMA. 12 July 1913; 61(2): 99-102. DOI. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
  3. ↑ REFjournal Rubin LG, Lanzkowsky, P. Cutaneous neonatal herpes simplex infection associated with ritual circumcision. Pediatr Infect Dis J. March 2000; 19(3): 266-8. PMID. DOI. Retrieved 13 February 2022.
  4. ↑ REFjournal Gesundheit, Benjamin, Grisaru-Soen, Galia, Greenberg,, David. Neonatal genital herpes simplex virus type 1 infection after Jewish ritual circumcision: modern medicine and religious tradition. Pediatrics. August 2004; 114(2): e259-63. PMID. DOI. Retrieved 13 February 2022.
    Quote: The cultural process of replacing ancient customs by modern wound care has to be encouraged by a heightened awareness of this potentially life-threatening medical complication.
  5. ↑ REFdocument Frieden, Thomas: An open letter to the Jewish Community from the New York City Health Commissioner PDF, City of New York. (13 December 2005). Retrieved 9 January 2022.
  6. ↑ REFjournal Distel R, Hofer V, Boggen-Goren S, et al. Primary genital herpes simplex infection associated with Jewish ritual circumcision. Isr Med Assoc J. December 2003; 5(12): 893-4. PMID. Retrieved 13 February 2022.
  7. ↑ REFjournal Koren A, Tasher D, Stein M, et al. Neonatal herpes simplex virus infections in Israel. Pediatr Infect Dis J. February 2013; 32(2): 129-3. PMID. DOI. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
  8. ↑ REFjournal Tzvi-Behr S, Schlesinger Y, Bar-Meir M, Megged O. Neonatal Genital HSV-1 After Jewish Circumcision. Clin Pediatr (Phila). November 2016; 55(13): 1245-47. PMID. PMC. DOI. Retrieved 13 February 2022.
    Quote: Herpes simplex infection in newborns is a life-threatening infection with high rates of morbidity and mortality.
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