Difference between revisions of "Pre-ejaculate"
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[[File:Pre-ejaculate closeup.jpg|thumb|Pre-ejaculate on the glans of the penis]] | [[File:Pre-ejaculate closeup.jpg|thumb|Pre-ejaculate on the glans of the penis]] | ||
− | + | '''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' (also known as '''pre-ejaculatory fluid''', '''pre-seminal fluid''' or '''Cowper's fluid''', and colloquially as '''''pre-cum''''')<ref name="cowpers">{{REFweb | |
− | '''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' (also known as '''pre-ejaculatory fluid''', '''pre-seminal fluid''' or '''Cowper's fluid''', and colloquially as '''''pre-cum''''')<ref>{{REFweb | ||
|url=https://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Pre-ejaculate | |url=https://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Pre-ejaculate | ||
|title=Pre-ejaculate | |title=Pre-ejaculate | ||
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|date=2005 | |date=2005 | ||
|accessdate=2023-01-09 | |accessdate=2023-01-09 | ||
− | }}</ref> is a clear, colorless, very slippery liquid that is produced by the Cowper's glands<ref>{{REFweb | + | }}</ref> is a clear, colorless, very slippery liquid that is produced by the Cowper's glands. <ref>{{REFweb |
|url=https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Cowper%27s+glands | |url=https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Cowper%27s+glands | ||
|title=Cowper's glands. | |title=Cowper's glands. | ||
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|date=2005 | |date=2005 | ||
|accessdate=2023-01-09 | |accessdate=2023-01-09 | ||
− | }}</ref> and discharged from the urethra of males. It collects under the [[foreskin]] of normal, [[foreskinned]] males where it functions as a lubricant at times of sexual arousal, [[masturbation]] or [[sexual intercourse]]. | + | }}</ref> and discharged from the urethra of males. It collects under the [[foreskin]] of normal, [[foreskinned]] males where it functions as a lubricant at times of sexual arousal, [[masturbation]] or [[sexual intercourse]]. They are also called the bulbo-urethral glands and are the male equivalent of the Bartholin's Glands.<ref name="cowpers" /a> |
== Function and risks == | == Function and risks == |
Revision as of 14:44, 11 January 2023
Pre-ejaculate (also known as pre-ejaculatory fluid, pre-seminal fluid or Cowper's fluid, and colloquially as pre-cum)[1] is a clear, colorless, very slippery liquid that is produced by the Cowper's glands. [2] and discharged from the urethra of males. It collects under the foreskin of normal, foreskinned males where it functions as a lubricant at times of sexual arousal, masturbation or sexual intercourse. They are also called the bulbo-urethral glands and are the male equivalent of the Bartholin's Glands.Cite error: Closing </ref>
missing for <ref>
tag The vagina is normally acidic, so the deposit of pre-ejaculate before the emission of semen may change the vaginal environment to promote sperm survival.[3] Pre-ejaculate also acts as a lubricant during sexual activity,[3] and plays a role in semen coagulation.[3]
Low levels or no sperm exists in pre-ejaculate, although studies examined small samples of men.[4][5] Two contrary studies found mixed evidence, including individual cases of a high sperm concentration.[6][7] Popular belief — dating to a 1966 Masters and Johnson study[8] — stated that pre-ejaculate may contain sperm that can cause pregnancy, which is a common basis of argument against the use of coitus interruptus (withdrawal) as a contraceptive method.[4][5]
Studies have demonstrated the presence of HIV in most pre-ejaculate samples from infected men.[5][9][10]
Distribution
The quantity of pre-ejaculate produced various widely between individuals. Production of pre-ejaculate may be triggered by erotic thoughts alone.
Some observers believe that, on average, circumcised males tend to produce less pre-ejaculate than foreskinned males, due to loss of sexual sensation received by the autonomic nervous system from the ridged band and other nerves of the foreskin.
See also
External links
- Wikipedia article: Pre-ejaculate. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
References
- ↑ (2005).
Pre-ejaculate
, Free Dictionary by Farlex. Retrieved 9 January 2023. - ↑ (2005).
Cowper's glands.
, Free Dictionary by Farlex. Retrieved 9 January 2023. - ↑ a b c Chudnovsky A, Niederberger CS. Copious Pre-Ejaculation: Small Glands—Major Headaches. J Androl. 2007; 28(3): 374–5. PMID. DOI.
- ↑ a b Zukerman Z, Weiss DB, Orvieto R. Short Communication: Does Preejaculatory Penile Secretion Originating from Cowper's Gland Contain Sperm? . Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics. April 2003; 20(4): 157–9. PMID. PMC. DOI.
- ↑ a b c Researchers find no sperm in pre-ejaculate fluid. Contraceptive Technology Update. October 1993; 14(10): 154–156. PMID.
- ↑ Killick SR, Leary C, Trussell J, Guthrie KA. Sperm content of pre-ejaculatory fluid. Human Fertility. 2011; 14(1): 48–52. PMID. PMC. DOI.
- ↑ Kovavisarach E, Lorthanawanich S, Muangsamran P. Presence of Sperm in Pre-Ejaculatory Fluid of Healthy Males . J Med Assoc Thai. 2016; 99 Suppl 2: S38–41. PMID.
- ↑ Masters WH (1966): Johnson, V.E.. Boston, MA: Little, Brown & Co. P. 211.
- ↑ Pudney J, Oneta M, Mayer K, Seage G, Anderson D. Pre-ejaculatory fluid as potential vector for sexual transmission of HIV-1. Lancet. 1992; 340(8833): 1470. PMID. DOI.
- ↑ Ilaria G, Jacobs JL, Polsky B, et al. Detection of HIV-1 DNA sequences in pre-ejaculatory fluid. Lancet. 1992; 340(8833): 1469. PMID. DOI.