Difference between revisions of "Genital mutilation/Table"

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The following list lists the various forms of male genital mutilation, starting with the lightest to the most severe known form (excluding {{W|castration}}). Information about the pain is of course very subjective. It plays a major role whether tissue on the ventral side of the [[penis]] is involved, as there is a strong concentration of nerves in the frenulum. In initiation rituals, the infliction of pain is usually quite intentional.
+
The following list lists the various forms of [[MGM| male genital mutilation]], starting with the lightest to the most severe known form (excluding {{W|castration}}). Information about the [[pain]] is of course very subjective. It plays a major role whether tissue on the ventral side of the [[penis]] is involved, as there is a strong concentration of nerves in the [[frenulum]]. In initiation rituals, the infliction of [[pain]] is usually quite intentional.
  
== Classification ==
+
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: left;"
# = Location
+
|-
# = Who performs the operation?
+
! Type!! Location !! Who !! Purpose !! Age !! Still today? !! Performance !! Result!! Pain !! Anesthesia
# = Purpose
+
|-
# = In which age?
+
| '''[[Infibulation]]'''
# = Still in use today?
+
|| "civilized" countries in the 19th century
# = How is the operation performed?
+
|| mostly a doctor
# = Result
+
|| prevention of [[masturbation]]
# = Pain / Anesthesia
+
|| youth
 
+
|| No
== Infibulation ==
+
|| The [[foreskin]] is pierced twice. A silver wire or even a small padlock is passed through.
# "civilized" countries in the 19th century
+
|| two holes in the [[foreskin]]
# mostly a doctor
+
|| moderate
# prevention of masturbation
+
|| No
# youth
+
|-
# no
+
| '''Severing the frenulum'''
# The foreskin is pierced twice. A silver wire or even a small padlock is passed through.
+
|| Luos in Africa
# two holes in the foreskin
+
|| Young people already initiated
# moderate / no
+
|| Initiation rite
 
+
|| 12 years or older
== Severing the frenulum ==
+
|| possibly still practiced here and there in rural areas, partly replaced by radical [[circumcision]]
{{NYT de}}
+
|| different methods:
# Bei den Luos in Afrika
+
* 1) Piercing of the frenulum, which is then severed with a ligature within a few days
# Bereits initiierte Jugendliche
+
* 2) Piercing and then severing the [[frenulum]]
# Initiationsritus
+
* 3) In the most bizarre form, a giant termite is made to bite through the frenulum
# 12 Jahre oder älter
+
|| The operation shortly before puberty is intended to expose the [[glans]] after the [[penis]] has grown. No loss of sensitive tissue
# möglicherweise in ländlichen Gegenden hier und da noch praktiziert, teilweise durch radikale Beschneidungen ersetzt
+
|| 1) moderate to strong, 2) strong, 3) very strong
# verschiedene Methoden:
+
|| no
## Piercen des Frenulums, das dann mit einer Ligatur innerhalb weniger Tage durchtrennt wird
+
|-
## Piercen und anschließend Durchtrennen des Frenulums
+
| '''Superincision'''
## Bei der bizarrsten Form wird eine Riesentermite dazu gebracht, das Frenulum durchzubeißen
+
|| in the [[Tuli| Philippines]] with many, but not all tribes, in the Fiji Islands, in the small Pacific islands of Tikopia (Polynesia), Tangaroa, Ra'ivavae and Niue
# Die Operation kurz vor der Pubertät soll bewirken, dass die Eichel nach erfolgtem Peniswachstum freiliegt. Kein Verlust von sensitivem Gewebe
+
|| an amateur, an uncle on Tikopia, and on Ra'ivavae those appointed have to lend a hand themselves
# 1: mäßig bis stark 2: stark 3: sehr stark / nein
+
|| Initiation rite
 
+
|| usually carried out between the ages of 8 and 10 years (on Niue at the age of 8, in Fiji during puberty)
== Superincision ==
+
|| still in use, but increasingly being replaced by radical circumcisions in the Philippines
# auf den Philippinen bei vielen, jedoch nicht allen Stämmen, auf den Fidschi-Inseln, auf den kleinen Pazifikinseln Tikopia (Polynesien), Tangaroa, Ra'ivavae und Niue
+
|| a dorsal incision in which the foreskin is cut open and the glans is exposed, but no tissue is removed
# ein Amateur, auf Tikopia ein Onkel, auf Ra'ivavae müssen die dazu Bestimmten selbst Hand anlegen
+
|| Exposed glans, [[skin]] flaps on the underside of the penis
# Initiationsritus
+
|| strong
# meist im Alter von 8 bis 10 Jahren durchgeführt (auf Niue im Alter von 8 Jahren, auf Fidschi während der Pubertät)
+
|| no
# noch gebräuchlich, auf den Philippinen jedoch zunehmend durch radikale Beschneidungen ersetzt.
+
|-
# ein dorsaler Schnitt, bei dem die Vorhaut aufgeschnitten und die Eichel entblößt wird, jedoch kein Gewebe entfernt
+
| '''Bizarre form of superincision'''
# entblößte Eichel, Hautlappen an der Penisunterseite
+
|| a tribe in Melanesia (western Solomon Islands)
# stark / nein
+
|| an amateur
 
+
|| Initiation rite
== Bizarre form of super incision ==
+
|| ?
# ein Stamm in Melanesien (westliche Salomon-Inseln)
+
|| ?
# ein Amateur
+
|| A horizontal incision is made on the top of the [[foreskin]] and the [[glans]] is pulled through.
# Initiationsritus
+
|| Exposed glans, flaps of [[skin]] on the underside of the penis
# ?
+
|| strong
# ?
+
|| no
# es wird ein waagerechter Schnitt auf der Oberseite der Vorhaut gemacht und die Eichel hindurchgezogen.
+
|-
# entblößte Eichel, Hautlappen an der Unterseite des Penis
+
| '''Special form of superincision'''
# stark / nein
+
|| a tribe in Melanesia (Solomon Islands)
 
+
|| an amateur
== Special form of superincision ==
+
|| Initiation rite
# ein Stamm in Melanesien (Salomon-Inseln)
+
|| ?
# ein Amateur
+
|| still in use
# Initiationsritus
+
|| 4 incisions are made in the [[foreskin]], the glans is exposed, but no tissue is removed
# ?
+
|| bared glans, 4 [[skin]] flaps, similar to a flower, around the glans
# noch gebräuchlich
+
|| very strong
# es werden 4 Schnitte in der Vorhaut gemacht, die Eichel entblößt, aber kein Gewebe entfernt
+
|| no
# entblößte Eichel, 4 Hautlappen, ähnlich einer Blüte, rund um die Eichel
+
|-
# sehr stark / nein
+
| '''Partial circumcision (about 1/3)'''
 
+
|| in use in [[Judaism]] until the 2nd century
== Partial circumcision (about 1/3) ==
+
|| the trained [[Mohel]]
: 1. A: im Judentum bis ins 2. Jahrhundert gebräuchlich
+
|| biblical command
:: B: bei einigen afrikanischen Stämmen
+
|| 8th day after birth
: 2. A: der dafür ausgebildete Mohel
+
|| no longer in this lighter form
:: B: ein Amateur
+
|| The [[foreskin]] is pulled forward and previously partially cut off with a sharp stone, today with a razor blade.
: 3. A: biblisches Gebot
+
|| partially bared glans, loss of sensitive tissue
:: B: Initiationsritus
+
|| very strong
: 4. A: Am 8. Tage nach der Geburt
+
|| no
:: B: unterschiedlich
+
|-
: 5. A: Nicht mehr in dieser leichteren Form
+
| '''Partial circumcision (about 1/3)'''
:: B: Noch gebräuchlich
+
|| some African tribes
: 6. Die Vorhaut wird vorgezogen und früher mit einem scharfen Stein, heute mit einer Rasierklinge teilweise abgeschnitten.
+
|| an amateur
: 7. teilweise entblößte Eichel, Verlust von sensitivem Gewebe
+
|| Initiation rite
: 8. sehr stark / nein
+
|| varying
 
+
|| still in use
== Partial circumcision (at least half to 2/3) ==
+
|| The [[foreskin]] is pulled forward and previously partially cut off with a sharp stone, today with a razor blade.
: 1. A: in [[islam]]ischen Ländern, bei islamischen Bevölkerungsgruppen
+
|| partially bared glans, loss of sensitive tissue
:: B: bei afrikanischen Stämmen, bei [[Aborigines]] in Nordwest-Australien
+
|| very strong
:: C: in Westaustralien
+
|| no
:: D: in westlichen Ländern
+
|-
: 2. A: Der Barbier, ein Beschneider, manchmal ein Arzt (der dann aber meistens radikal beschneidet)
+
| '''Partial circumcision (at least half to 2/3)'''
:: B: ein Amateur
+
|| in [[Islam]]ic countries, among Islamic population groups
:: C: ein Amateur
+
|| the barber, a circumciser, sometimes a doctor (who then usually circumcises radically)
:: D: ein Arzt
+
|| Initiation rite, tradition
: 3. A: Initiationsritus, Tradition
+
|| varying, always before puberty
:: B: dito
+
|| yes
:: C: dito
+
|| The [[foreskin]] is pulled forward and previously partially cut off with a sharp stone, today with a razor blade or a scalpel. If carried out by a surgeon, parts of both [[skin]] layers are usually removed and, if necessary, then sutured.
:: D: weil Probleme auftraten, die der Arzt nicht anders zu lösen wusste
+
|| partially, after puberty mostly completely bare glans, visible scar, loss of sensitive tissue
: 4. A: unterschiedlich, stets vor der Pubertät
+
|| very strong (with anesthesia: no pain, but possibly unpleasant after-effects)
:: B: unterschiedlich
+
|| no or rarely
:: C: ?
+
|-
:: D: unterschiedlich, meist bei Kindern
+
| '''Partial circumcision (at least half to 2/3)'''
: 5. A: ja
+
|| with African tribes, with [[Aborigines]] in Northwest [[Australia]]
:: B: ja
+
|| an amateur
:: C: ja
+
|| Initiation rite, tradition
:: D: ja
+
|| varying
: 6. Die Vorhaut wird vorgezogen und früher mit einem scharfen Stein, heute mit einer Rasierklinge oder einem Skalpell teilweise abgeschnitten. Wenn durch einen Chirurgen durchgeführt, werden meist Teile beider Haut­schichten entfernt und ggf. anschließend vernäht
+
|| yes
: 7. teilweise, nach der Pubertät meist völlig entblößte Eichel, sichtbare Narbe, Verlust von sensitivem Gewebe
+
|| The [[foreskin]] is pulled forward and previously partially cut off with a sharp stone, today with a razor blade or a scalpel. If carried out by a surgeon, parts of both [[skin]] layers are usually removed and, if necessary, then sutured.
: 8. sehr stark (bei Betäubung: kein Schmerz, aber evtl. unangenehme Nachwirkungen) / nein bzw. selten (bei D heute stets)
+
|| partially, after puberty mostly completely bare glans, visible scar, loss of sensitive tissue
 
+
|| very strong (with anesthesia: no pain, but possibly unpleasant after-effects)
== Plastic surgery that removes the inner layer of skin ==
+
|| no or rarely
# in zivilisierten Ländern
+
|-
# ein Arzt
+
| '''Partial circumcision (at least half to 2/3)'''
# weil Probleme auftraten, die der Arzt nicht anders zu lösen wusste
+
|| in West [[Australia]]
# unterschiedlich, meist bei Kindern
+
|| an amateur
# ja
+
|| Initiation rite, tradition
# die innere Vorhautschicht wird entfernt, die äußere Hautschicht wird nach innen geklappt und an der Eichelbasis festgenäht
+
|| ?
# weitgehend entblößte Eichel, großer Verlust von sensitivem Gewebe. Zweck der Technik ist, eine gewisse Hautreserve zu belassen und die Beschneidungsnarbe unsichtbar anzuordnen.
+
|| yes
# nein (evtl. unangenehme Nachwirkungen) / ja
+
|| The [[foreskin]] is pulled forward and previously partially cut off with a sharp stone, today with a razor blade or a scalpel. If carried out by a surgeon, parts of both [[skin]] layers are usually removed and, if necessary, then sutured.
 
+
|| partially, after puberty mostly completely bare glans, visible scar, loss of sensitive tissue
== Radical circumcision ==
+
|| very strong (with anesthesia: no pain, but possibly unpleasant after-effects)
: 1. A: in den USA bei Neugeborenen
+
|| no or rarely
:: B: in Kanada und Australien
+
|-
:: C: in Südkorea
+
| '''Partial circumcision (at least half to 2/3)'''
:: D: auf den Philippinen
+
|| in western countries
: 2.A: Meistens ein Gynäkologe, manchmal ein praktischer Arzt, seltener ein Kinderarzt
+
|| a doctor
:: B: ein Arzt, meistens Gynäkologe
+
|| because problems arose that the doctor could not find any other way to solve
:: C: ein Arzt
+
|| varying, mostly in children
:: D: ein Arzt
+
|| yes
: 3. A: aus überkommener Tradition (ursprünglich zur Masturbationseindämmung)
+
|| The [[foreskin]] is pulled forward and previously partially cut off with a sharp stone, today with a razor blade or a scalpel. If carried out by a surgeon, parts of both [[skin]] layers are usually removed and, if necessary, then sutured.
:: B: dito
+
|| partially, after puberty mostly completely bare [[glans]], visible scar, loss of sensitive tissue
:: C: um den Amerikanern nachzueifern
+
|| very strong (with anesthesia: no pain, but possibly unpleasant after-effects)
:: D: dito, z. T. als Ersatz für traditionelle Superinzision
+
|| today always
: 4. A: kurz nach der Geburt
+
|-
:: B: dito
+
|-
:: C: meist vor der Pubertät
+
| '''Plastic surgery that removes the inner layer of [[skin]]'''
:: D: meist im Alter von 8 bis 10 Jahren
+
|| in civilized countries
: 5. A: noch häufig (zu 57 %)
+
|| a doctor
:: B: zumeist selten
+
|| because problems arose that the doctor could not find any other way to solve
:: C: sehr häufig
+
|| varying, mostly in children
:: D: häufig
+
|| yes
: 6. Die Vorhaut wird (nachdem sie bei Babys und Kleinkindern eingeschnitten und von der Eichel abgerissen wurde) vollständig weggeschnitten. Hierfür werden meist verschiedene Vorrichtungen benutzt. Auch das Frenulum wird manchmal enfernt.
+
|| the inner foreskin layer is removed, the outer [[skin]] layer is folded inward and sewn to the base of the glans
: 7. völlig entblößte Eichel, großer Verlust von sensitivem Gewebe, sichtbare Narbe, meist fehlende Hautreserve für Erektionen
+
|| Largely bared glans, great loss of sensitive tissue. The purpose of the technique is to leave a certain reserve of [[skin]] and to make the circumcision scar invisible.
: 8. extrem stark / bei Babys meistens nein
+
|| no (possibly unpleasant after-effects)
 
+
|| yes
== Subincision, lighter type ==
+
|-
meist in Verbindung mit vorhergehender Beschneidung
+
| '''Radical circumcision'''
# einige Aborigines-Stämme in Australien
+
|| in the [[United States]] in newborns
# ein Amateur
+
|| most often a gynecologist, sometimes a general practitioner, less often a pediatrician
# Initiationsritus
+
|| from an ancient tradition (originally to contain [[masturbation]])
# ?
+
|| shortly after birth
# ?
+
|| still often (estimated 57%)
# Die Harnröhre wird an der Unterseite des Penis eingeschnitten
+
|| The [[foreskin]] is completely cut away (after it has been incised and torn from the [[glans]] in babies and toddlers). Various devices are usually used for this. The [[frenulum]] is also sometimes removed.
# Urinieren im Stehen wird unmöglich
+
|| completely bared [[glans]], great loss of sensitive tissue, visible scar, mostly missing [[skin]] reserve for erections
# stark / nein
+
|| extremely strong
 
+
|| with babies mostly no
== Subincision, heavier type ==
+
|-
meist in Verbindung mit vorhergehender Beschneidung
+
| '''Radical circumcision'''
# einige Aborigines-Stämme in Australien
+
|| in [[Canada]] and [[Australia]]
# ein Amateur
+
|| a doctor, mostly a gynecologist
# Initiationsritus
+
|| from an ancient tradition (originally to contain [[masturbation]])
# ?
+
|| shortly after birth
# ?
+
|| seldom
# Die Harnröhre wird von der Peniswurzel bis zur Eichel komplett aufgeschnitten.
+
|| The [[foreskin]] is completely cut away (after it has been incised and torn from the [[glans]] in babies and toddlers). Various devices are usually used for this. The frenulum is also sometimes removed.
# Aussehen und Funktion des Penis werden massiv verändert. Urinieren im Stehen wird unmöglich
+
|| completely bared glans, great loss of sensitive tissue, visible scar, mostly missing [[skin]] reserve for erections
# extrem stark / nein
+
|| extremely strong
 
+
|| with babies mostly no
== Molting of the entire penis ==
+
|-
# Afrika, ein Stamm am roten Meer
+
| '''Radical circumcision'''
# ein Amateur
+
|| in [[South Korea]]
# Initiationsritus
+
|| a doctor
# ?
+
|| to emulate the Americans
# wahrscheinlich seit etwa 1900 nicht mehr praktiziert
+
|| mostly before puberty
# Die gesamte Penishaut wird, inkl. einem Stück Haut des Schamhügels, abgerissen.
+
|| very often
# gravierende Verstümmelung
+
|| The [[foreskin]] is completely cut away (after it has been incised and torn from the glans in babies and toddlers). Various devices are usually used for this. The [[frenulum]] is also sometimes removed.
# außerordentlich stark / nein
+
|| completely bared [[glans]], great loss of sensitive tissue, visible scar, mostly missing [[skin]] reserve for erections
 +
|| extremely strong
 +
|| with babies mostly no
 +
|-
 +
| '''Radical circumcision'''
 +
|| on the [[Tuli| Philippines]]
 +
|| a doctor
 +
|| from traditional tradition (originally to contain masturbation), e.g. as a replacement for traditional superincision
 +
|| usually between the ages of 8 and 10 years
 +
|| often
 +
|| The foreskin is completely cut away (after it has been incised and torn from the glans in babies and toddlers). Various devices are usually used for this. The [[frenulum]] is also sometimes removed.
 +
|| completely bared glans, great loss of sensitive tissue, visible scar, mostly missing [[skin]] reserve for erections
 +
|| extremely strong
 +
|| with babies mostly no
 +
|-
 +
| '''Subincision, lighter type'''<br>
 +
(mostly in connection with previous circumcision)
 +
|| some Aboriginal tribes in [[Australia]]
 +
|| an amateur
 +
|| Initiation rite
 +
|| ?
 +
|| ?
 +
|| The [[urethra]] is sliced at the bottom of the penis.
 +
|| Urinating while standing becomes impossible.
 +
|| strong
 +
|| no
 +
|-
 +
| '''Subincision, heavier type'''<br>
 +
(mostly in connection with previous circumcision)
 +
|| some Aboriginal tribes in Australia
 +
|| an amateur
 +
|| Initiation rite
 +
|| ?
 +
|| ?
 +
|| The [[urethra]] is completely cut open from the base of the [[penis]] to the [[glans]].
 +
|| The appearance and function of the penis are massively changed. Urinating while standing becomes impossible.
 +
|| extremely strong
 +
|| no
 +
|-
 +
| '''Molting of the entire penis'''
 +
|| Africa, a tribe on the Red Sea
 +
|| an amateur
 +
|| Initiation rite
 +
|| ?
 +
|| probably not practiced since around 1900
 +
|| The entire [[penile skin]], including a piece of [[skin]] of the pubic mound, is torn off.
 +
|| serious mutilation
 +
|| extraordinarily strong
 +
|| no
 +
|}
  
 
{{SEEALSO}}
 
{{SEEALSO}}
 
* [[Boys]]
 
* [[Boys]]
 +
* [[Penis]]
 
* [[Sexuality]]
 
* [[Sexuality]]
 
* [[Violence]]
 
* [[Violence]]
Line 180: Line 230:
 
* [[Selbstbestimmung]]
 
* [[Selbstbestimmung]]
  
 +
 +
[[Category:Male circumcision]]
 
[[Category:Violence]]
 
[[Category:Violence]]
 
[[Category:Genital mutilation]]
 
[[Category:Genital mutilation]]
Line 185: Line 237:
 
[[Category:From WikiMANNia]]
 
[[Category:From WikiMANNia]]
  
[[de:Genitalverstümmelung (Tabelle)]]
+
[[de:Genitalverstümmelung/Tabelle]]

Latest revision as of 17:46, 19 December 2023

The following list lists the various forms of male genital mutilation, starting with the lightest to the most severe known form (excluding castration[WP]). Information about the pain is of course very subjective. It plays a major role whether tissue on the ventral side of the penis is involved, as there is a strong concentration of nerves in the frenulum. In initiation rituals, the infliction of pain is usually quite intentional.

Type Location Who Purpose Age Still today? Performance Result Pain Anesthesia
Infibulation "civilized" countries in the 19th century mostly a doctor prevention of masturbation youth No The foreskin is pierced twice. A silver wire or even a small padlock is passed through. two holes in the foreskin moderate No
Severing the frenulum Luos in Africa Young people already initiated Initiation rite 12 years or older possibly still practiced here and there in rural areas, partly replaced by radical circumcision different methods:
  • 1) Piercing of the frenulum, which is then severed with a ligature within a few days
  • 2) Piercing and then severing the frenulum
  • 3) In the most bizarre form, a giant termite is made to bite through the frenulum
The operation shortly before puberty is intended to expose the glans after the penis has grown. No loss of sensitive tissue 1) moderate to strong, 2) strong, 3) very strong no
Superincision in the Philippines with many, but not all tribes, in the Fiji Islands, in the small Pacific islands of Tikopia (Polynesia), Tangaroa, Ra'ivavae and Niue an amateur, an uncle on Tikopia, and on Ra'ivavae those appointed have to lend a hand themselves Initiation rite usually carried out between the ages of 8 and 10 years (on Niue at the age of 8, in Fiji during puberty) still in use, but increasingly being replaced by radical circumcisions in the Philippines a dorsal incision in which the foreskin is cut open and the glans is exposed, but no tissue is removed Exposed glans, skin flaps on the underside of the penis strong no
Bizarre form of superincision a tribe in Melanesia (western Solomon Islands) an amateur Initiation rite ? ? A horizontal incision is made on the top of the foreskin and the glans is pulled through. Exposed glans, flaps of skin on the underside of the penis strong no
Special form of superincision a tribe in Melanesia (Solomon Islands) an amateur Initiation rite ? still in use 4 incisions are made in the foreskin, the glans is exposed, but no tissue is removed bared glans, 4 skin flaps, similar to a flower, around the glans very strong no
Partial circumcision (about 1/3) in use in Judaism until the 2nd century the trained Mohel biblical command 8th day after birth no longer in this lighter form The foreskin is pulled forward and previously partially cut off with a sharp stone, today with a razor blade. partially bared glans, loss of sensitive tissue very strong no
Partial circumcision (about 1/3) some African tribes an amateur Initiation rite varying still in use The foreskin is pulled forward and previously partially cut off with a sharp stone, today with a razor blade. partially bared glans, loss of sensitive tissue very strong no
Partial circumcision (at least half to 2/3) in Islamic countries, among Islamic population groups the barber, a circumciser, sometimes a doctor (who then usually circumcises radically) Initiation rite, tradition varying, always before puberty yes The foreskin is pulled forward and previously partially cut off with a sharp stone, today with a razor blade or a scalpel. If carried out by a surgeon, parts of both skin layers are usually removed and, if necessary, then sutured. partially, after puberty mostly completely bare glans, visible scar, loss of sensitive tissue very strong (with anesthesia: no pain, but possibly unpleasant after-effects) no or rarely
Partial circumcision (at least half to 2/3) with African tribes, with Aborigines in Northwest Australia an amateur Initiation rite, tradition varying yes The foreskin is pulled forward and previously partially cut off with a sharp stone, today with a razor blade or a scalpel. If carried out by a surgeon, parts of both skin layers are usually removed and, if necessary, then sutured. partially, after puberty mostly completely bare glans, visible scar, loss of sensitive tissue very strong (with anesthesia: no pain, but possibly unpleasant after-effects) no or rarely
Partial circumcision (at least half to 2/3) in West Australia an amateur Initiation rite, tradition ? yes The foreskin is pulled forward and previously partially cut off with a sharp stone, today with a razor blade or a scalpel. If carried out by a surgeon, parts of both skin layers are usually removed and, if necessary, then sutured. partially, after puberty mostly completely bare glans, visible scar, loss of sensitive tissue very strong (with anesthesia: no pain, but possibly unpleasant after-effects) no or rarely
Partial circumcision (at least half to 2/3) in western countries a doctor because problems arose that the doctor could not find any other way to solve varying, mostly in children yes The foreskin is pulled forward and previously partially cut off with a sharp stone, today with a razor blade or a scalpel. If carried out by a surgeon, parts of both skin layers are usually removed and, if necessary, then sutured. partially, after puberty mostly completely bare glans, visible scar, loss of sensitive tissue very strong (with anesthesia: no pain, but possibly unpleasant after-effects) today always
Plastic surgery that removes the inner layer of skin in civilized countries a doctor because problems arose that the doctor could not find any other way to solve varying, mostly in children yes the inner foreskin layer is removed, the outer skin layer is folded inward and sewn to the base of the glans Largely bared glans, great loss of sensitive tissue. The purpose of the technique is to leave a certain reserve of skin and to make the circumcision scar invisible. no (possibly unpleasant after-effects) yes
Radical circumcision in the United States in newborns most often a gynecologist, sometimes a general practitioner, less often a pediatrician from an ancient tradition (originally to contain masturbation) shortly after birth still often (estimated 57%) The foreskin is completely cut away (after it has been incised and torn from the glans in babies and toddlers). Various devices are usually used for this. The frenulum is also sometimes removed. completely bared glans, great loss of sensitive tissue, visible scar, mostly missing skin reserve for erections extremely strong with babies mostly no
Radical circumcision in Canada and Australia a doctor, mostly a gynecologist from an ancient tradition (originally to contain masturbation) shortly after birth seldom The foreskin is completely cut away (after it has been incised and torn from the glans in babies and toddlers). Various devices are usually used for this. The frenulum is also sometimes removed. completely bared glans, great loss of sensitive tissue, visible scar, mostly missing skin reserve for erections extremely strong with babies mostly no
Radical circumcision in South Korea a doctor to emulate the Americans mostly before puberty very often The foreskin is completely cut away (after it has been incised and torn from the glans in babies and toddlers). Various devices are usually used for this. The frenulum is also sometimes removed. completely bared glans, great loss of sensitive tissue, visible scar, mostly missing skin reserve for erections extremely strong with babies mostly no
Radical circumcision on the Philippines a doctor from traditional tradition (originally to contain masturbation), e.g. as a replacement for traditional superincision usually between the ages of 8 and 10 years often The foreskin is completely cut away (after it has been incised and torn from the glans in babies and toddlers). Various devices are usually used for this. The frenulum is also sometimes removed. completely bared glans, great loss of sensitive tissue, visible scar, mostly missing skin reserve for erections extremely strong with babies mostly no
Subincision, lighter type

(mostly in connection with previous circumcision)

some Aboriginal tribes in Australia an amateur Initiation rite ? ? The urethra is sliced at the bottom of the penis. Urinating while standing becomes impossible. strong no
Subincision, heavier type

(mostly in connection with previous circumcision)

some Aboriginal tribes in Australia an amateur Initiation rite ? ? The urethra is completely cut open from the base of the penis to the glans. The appearance and function of the penis are massively changed. Urinating while standing becomes impossible. extremely strong no
Molting of the entire penis Africa, a tribe on the Red Sea an amateur Initiation rite ? probably not practiced since around 1900 The entire penile skin, including a piece of skin of the pubic mound, is torn off. serious mutilation extraordinarily strong no

See also