Genital mutilation/Table

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The following list lists the various forms of male genital mutilation, starting with the lightest to the most severe known form (excluding castration[WP]). Information about the pain is of course very subjective. It plays a major role whether tissue on the ventral side of the penis is involved, as there is a strong concentration of nerves in the frenulum. In initiation rituals, the infliction of pain is usually quite intentional.

Type Location Who Purpose Age Still today? Performance Result Pain Anesthesia
Infibulation "civilized" countries in the 19th century mostly a doctor prevention of masturbation youth No The foreskin is pierced twice. A silver wire or even a small padlock is passed through. two holes in the foreskin moderate No
Severing the frenulum Luos in Africa Young people already initiated Initiation rite 12 years or older possibly still practiced here and there in rural areas, partly replaced by radical circumcision different methods:
  • 1) Piercing of the frenulum, which is then severed with a ligature within a few days
  • 2) Piercing and then severing the frenulum
  • 3) In the most bizarre form, a giant termite is made to bite through the frenulum
The operation shortly before puberty is intended to expose the glans after the penis has grown. No loss of sensitive tissue 1) moderate to strong, 2) strong, 3) very strong no
Superincision in the Philippines with many, but not all tribes, in the Fiji Islands, in the small Pacific islands of Tikopia (Polynesia), Tangaroa, Ra'ivavae and Niue an amateur, an uncle on Tikopia, and on Ra'ivavae those appointed have to lend a hand themselves Initiation rite usually carried out between the ages of 8 and 10 years (on Niue at the age of 8, in Fiji during puberty) still in use, but increasingly being replaced by radical circumcisions in the Philippines a dorsal incision in which the foreskin is cut open and the glans is exposed, but no tissue is removed Exposed glans, skin flaps on the underside of the penis strong no
Bizarre form of superincision a tribe in Melanesia (western Solomon Islands) an amateur Initiation rite ? ? A horizontal incision is made on the top of the foreskin and the glans is pulled through. Exposed glans, flaps of skin on the underside of the penis strong no
Special form of superincision a tribe in Melanesia (Solomon Islands) an amateur Initiation rite ? still in use 4 incisions are made in the foreskin, the glans is exposed, but no tissue is removed bared glans, 4 skin flaps, similar to a flower, around the glans very strong no
Partial circumcision (about 1/3) in use in Judaism until the 2nd century the trained Mohel biblical command 8th day after birth no longer in this lighter form The foreskin is pulled forward and previously partially cut off with a sharp stone, today with a razor blade. partially bared glans, loss of sensitive tissue very strong no
Partial circumcision (about 1/3) some African tribes an amateur Initiation rite varying still in use The foreskin is pulled forward and previously partially cut off with a sharp stone, today with a razor blade. partially bared glans, loss of sensitive tissue very strong no
Partial circumcision (at least half to 2/3) in Islamic countries, among Islamic population groups the barber, a circumciser, sometimes a doctor (who then usually circumcises radically) Initiation rite, tradition varying, always before puberty yes The foreskin is pulled forward and previously partially cut off with a sharp stone, today with a razor blade or a scalpel. If carried out by a surgeon, parts of both skin layers are usually removed and, if necessary, then sutured. partially, after puberty mostly completely bare glans, visible scar, loss of sensitive tissue very strong (with anesthesia: no pain, but possibly unpleasant after-effects) no or rarely
Partial circumcision (at least half to 2/3) with African tribes, with Aborigines in Northwest Australia an amateur Initiation rite, tradition varying yes The foreskin is pulled forward and previously partially cut off with a sharp stone, today with a razor blade or a scalpel. If carried out by a surgeon, parts of both skin layers are usually removed and, if necessary, then sutured. partially, after puberty mostly completely bare glans, visible scar, loss of sensitive tissue very strong (with anesthesia: no pain, but possibly unpleasant after-effects) no or rarely
Partial circumcision (at least half to 2/3) in West Australia an amateur Initiation rite, tradition ? yes The foreskin is pulled forward and previously partially cut off with a sharp stone, today with a razor blade or a scalpel. If carried out by a surgeon, parts of both skin layers are usually removed and, if necessary, then sutured. partially, after puberty mostly completely bare glans, visible scar, loss of sensitive tissue very strong (with anesthesia: no pain, but possibly unpleasant after-effects) no or rarely
Partial circumcision (at least half to 2/3) in western countries a doctor because problems arose that the doctor could not find any other way to solve varying, mostly in children yes The foreskin is pulled forward and previously partially cut off with a sharp stone, today with a razor blade or a scalpel. If carried out by a surgeon, parts of both skin layers are usually removed and, if necessary, then sutured. partially, after puberty mostly completely bare glans, visible scar, loss of sensitive tissue very strong (with anesthesia: no pain, but possibly unpleasant after-effects) today always
Plastic surgery that removes the inner layer of skin in civilized countries a doctor because problems arose that the doctor could not find any other way to solve varying, mostly in children yes the inner foreskin layer is removed, the outer skin layer is folded inward and sewn to the base of the glans Largely bared glans, great loss of sensitive tissue. The purpose of the technique is to leave a certain reserve of skin and to make the circumcision scar invisible. no (possibly unpleasant after-effects) yes
Radical circumcision in the United States in newborns most often a gynecologist, sometimes a general practitioner, less often a pediatrician from an ancient tradition (originally to contain masturbation) shortly after birth still often (estimated 57%) The foreskin is completely cut away (after it has been incised and torn from the glans in babies and toddlers). Various devices are usually used for this. The frenulum is also sometimes removed. completely bared glans, great loss of sensitive tissue, visible scar, mostly missing skin reserve for erections extremely strong with babies mostly no
Radical circumcision in Canada and Australia a doctor, mostly a gynecologist from an ancient tradition (originally to contain masturbation) shortly after birth seldom The foreskin is completely cut away (after it has been incised and torn from the glans in babies and toddlers). Various devices are usually used for this. The frenulum is also sometimes removed. completely bared glans, great loss of sensitive tissue, visible scar, mostly missing skin reserve for erections extremely strong with babies mostly no
Radical circumcision in South Korea a doctor to emulate the Americans mostly before puberty very often The foreskin is completely cut away (after it has been incised and torn from the glans in babies and toddlers). Various devices are usually used for this. The frenulum is also sometimes removed. completely bared glans, great loss of sensitive tissue, visible scar, mostly missing skin reserve for erections extremely strong with babies mostly no
Radical circumcision on the Philippines a doctor from traditional tradition (originally to contain masturbation), e.g. as a replacement for traditional superincision usually between the ages of 8 and 10 years often The foreskin is completely cut away (after it has been incised and torn from the glans in babies and toddlers). Various devices are usually used for this. The frenulum is also sometimes removed. completely bared glans, great loss of sensitive tissue, visible scar, mostly missing skin reserve for erections extremely strong with babies mostly no
Subincision, lighter type

(mostly in connection with previous circumcision)

some Aboriginal tribes in Australia an amateur Initiation rite ? ? The urethra is sliced at the bottom of the penis. Urinating while standing becomes impossible. strong no
Subincision, heavier type

(mostly in connection with previous circumcision)

some Aboriginal tribes in Australia an amateur Initiation rite ? ? The urethra is completely cut open from the base of the penis to the glans. The appearance and function of the penis are massively changed. Urinating while standing becomes impossible. extremely strong no
Molting of the entire penis Africa, a tribe on the Red Sea an amateur Initiation rite ? probably not practiced since around 1900 The entire penile skin, including a piece of skin of the pubic mound, is torn off. serious mutilation extraordinarily strong no

See also