Difference between revisions of "Fatalities"

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This article collects reports of children who have died as a result of [[HGM|genital mutilation]]. Of course, the list does not claim to be exhaustive.
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[[File:Fatalities teaserphoto.png|thumb|right]]
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This article collects reports of persons who have died as a result of [[HGM|genital mutilation]]. Of course, the list does not claim to be exhaustive. The names are highlighted because this is about people, not numbers. Every single one of these deaths could have been avoided.
  
 
== 21st century ==
 
== 21st century ==
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=== 2024 ===
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* <b>Hanif Tahmi</b>, 10, died at Dhaka, Bangladesh due to an overdose of anesthesia.<ref>{{REFnews
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|title=Bangladesh Shocker: 10-Year-Old Boy Dies During Circumcision Surgery Due To Wrong Dose Of Anesthesia In Dhaka
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|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/world/bangladesh-shocker-10-year-old-boy-dies-during-circumcision-surgery-due-to-wrong-dose-of-anesthesia-in-dhaka
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|last=Khan
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|first=Azhar
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|init=
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|author-link=
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|publisher=Free Press Journal
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|website=
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|date=2024-02-24
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|accessdate=2024-03-24
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|format=
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|quote=
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}}</ref>
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=== 2023 ===
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* [[MGM]] - 31 December: Five-year-old Ayaan did not regain consciousness following a circumcision at United Medical College Hospital, Badda, Bangladesh.<ref>{{REFnews
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|title=5-year-old dies after circumcision at United Medical College Hospital
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|url=https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/5-year-old-dies-after-circumcision-united-medical-college-hospital-771526
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|last=Anonymous
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|first=
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|init=
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|author-link=
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|publisher=The Business Standard
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|website=
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|date=2024-01-08
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|accessdate=2024-01-16
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|quote=He was transferred to the hospital's Gulshan branch from there as he did not regain consciousness a few hours post-operation.
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}}</ref> The hospital was ordered to halt health care services.<ref>{{REFnews
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|title=United Medical College ordered to halt healthcare services after child Ayan’s death
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|url=https://bdnews24.com/health/090d6oebp2
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|last=
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|first=
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|init=
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|author-link=
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|last2=
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|init2=
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|author2-link=
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|publisher=
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|website=https://bdnews24.com
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|date=2024-01-14
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|season=
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|accessdate=2024-01-16
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|format=
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|quote=The case implicated United Medical College Hospital's anesthesiologist Syed Sabbir Ahmed, surgeon Tasnuva Mahjabin, an anonymous director and other unidentified employees of the medical college hospital and United Hospital.
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}}</ref>
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https://media.assettype.com/bdnews24-english%2F2024-01%2F0f9a5514-5719-404d-974a-377d96e21e09%2Fayan_united_medical_090124_02.jpg?auto=format%2Ccompress&format=webp&w=768
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=== 2022 ===
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* [[MGM]] - 29 December: 14 year old boy (N.N. Kirwa Maina) from Tarakwa, Uasin Gishu County, Kenya, died after botched traditional circumcision in Nandi county, Kenya.<ref>{{REFnews
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|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/uasin-gishu/boy-14-who-scored-395-in-kcpe-dies-in-botched-circumcision-4070218
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|title=Boy, 14, who scored 395 in KCPE dies in botched circumcision
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|publisher=Nation, Kenya
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|date=2022-12-30
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|accessdate=2023-01-04
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}}</ref><ref>{{REFnews
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|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-12-30-botched-circumcision-boy-to-be-buried-friday/
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|title=Mourning Boy. Botched circumcision boy to be buried Friday
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|publisher=Star, Kenya
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|date=2022-12-30
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|accessdate=2023-01-04
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}}</ref>
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* [[MGM]] - 25 May: 2 months old boy died in Latresne near Bordeaux, France, after mass circumcision of ten or twel boys in a Center for Ritual Circumcision (CCR).<ref>{{REFnews
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|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/gironde-une-enquete-ouverte-apres-la-mort-dun-bebe-qui-venait-detre-circoncis-03-06-2022-WH3FDKZZ6RBXNMEK2O4MFMGPIQ.php
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|title=Gironde : une enquête ouverte après la mort d’un bébé qui venait d’être circoncis
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|trans-title=Gironde: an investigation opened after the death of a baby who had just been circumcised
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|language=French
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|publisher=Le Parisien
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|date=2022-06-03
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|accessdate=2022-07-21
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}}</ref>
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* [[MGM]] - 30 April: Two teenagers, '''Thomas Ntuli,''' 19, and '''Sibusiso Masombuka,''' 18, died on Friday, 29 April 2022, after being traditionally circumcised at an initiation school in South Africa.<ref>{{REFweb
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|url=https://www.msn.com/en-za/news/other/two-mpumalanga-teenagers-die-after-circumcision/ar-AAWNwXY?ocid=BingNewsSearch
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|archived=
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|title=Young men die in circumcision related incidents
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|last=Newane
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|first=Nokwanda
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|author-link=
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|publisher=The South African
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|website=MSN
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|date=2022-04-30
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|accessdate=2022-05-11
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|format=
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|quote=
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}}</ref>
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* [[MGM]] - 2 April: 7 year old boy died in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, after circumcision, child's relatives refused forensic autopsy.<ref>{{REFweb
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|url=https://akipress.com/news:669704:7yo_boy_died_in_Bishkek_after_circumcision,_autopsy_not_performed/
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|title=7yo boy died in Bishkek after circumcision, autopsy not performed
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|website=AKIpress
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|date=2022-04-05
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|accessdate=2022-04-05
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}}</ref>
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* [[MGM]] - 22 March: GMA News (Philippine Islands) reported the [[death]] due to [[bleeding]] on Tuesday, 22 March 2022 of a 13-year-old boy who continued to bleed after his [[Adolescent and adult circumcision|circumcision]] at a free circumcision event on Saturday, 19 March 2022 in Lucena, Quezon, Philippines, which had been sponsored by the [https://srbinc.org.ph/ Scout Royale Brotherhood]. The boy was brought to hospital on Monday, but died the following day.<ref>{{REFnews
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|title=Circumcision causes 13-year-old to bleed to death in Lucena
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|url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/regions/826327/circumcision-causes-13-year-old-to-bleed-to-death-in-lucena/story/
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|publisher=GMA News
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|website=
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|date=2022-03-25
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|accessdate=2022-03-27
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|quote=The Public Attorney's Office is looking into the death.
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}}</ref>
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* [[MGM]] - 24 January: Five-day-old '''"Baby R"''' died in [https://www.texaschildrens.org/ Texas Children's Hospital] where he had been transferred following an elective, consented, non-therapeutic circumcision. Uncontrolled [[bleeding]] occurred. The infant boy also had a stroke and brain [[haemorrhage]]. It is unclear whether the [[pain]] and stress of [[circumcision]] precipitated the stroke  and [[death]].
 +
 +
=== 2021 ===
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* [[MGM]] - 7 December: [https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-10287861/Toddler-2-dies-baby-brother-fighting-life-botched-circumcisions.html A two-year-old boy in Perth, Western Australia died after a circumcision].
 +
* [[MGM]] - August: [https://citizentv.co.ke/news/kisumu-cops-probing-death-of-a-8-day-old-baby-after-a-botched-circumcision-13097644/ Kisumu: cops probing death of an 8-day-old baby after a botched circumcision]
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 +
=== 2020 ===
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* [[MGM]] - August: [https://citizentv.co.ke/news/mwingi-two-kids-aged-5-and-7-die-in-traditional-circumcision-gone-wrong-342916/ Kenya: Mwingi: Two kids aged 5 and 7 years die in circumcision gone wrong.]
 +
 
=== 2019 ===
 
=== 2019 ===
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* [[MGM]] - March 10: [https://www.facebook.com/emmittgossstrong/posts/334239573866720 14 days old '''Emmitt Strong''' dies after circumcision on his 3rd day], 1 boy, 14 days
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* [[MGM]] - August: '''[[Anonymous case reports#Oliver|Oliver]]''' from Connecticut dies due to a herpes infection at his circumcision on his third day of life in June 2019.
 +
* [[MGM]] - March 23: [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-47687131 Boy dies after parents performed a circumcision at their home in Italy], 1 boy, 5 months
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* [[MGM]] - March 10: [https://www.facebook.com/emmittgossstrong/posts/334239573866720 14 days old '''Emmitt Tailer Goss''' dies after circumcision on his 3rd day], 1 boy, 14 days
  
 
=== 2018 ===
 
=== 2018 ===
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=== 2017 ===
 
=== 2017 ===
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* [[MGM]] - November 25: [https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-47292307 '''Alex Hardy''' kills himself two years after his obviously misdiagnosed circumcision], 1 man, 23 years old, UK.
 
* [[MGM]] - September 18: [https://torino.repubblica.it/cronaca/2017/09/18/news/piemonte_prezzo_politico_per_la_circoncisione_rituale_in_ospedale_obiettivo_evitare_tragedie-175844861/ Turin: Little '''Henry''' was just 50 days old], 1 boy, 50 days
 
* [[MGM]] - September 18: [https://torino.repubblica.it/cronaca/2017/09/18/news/piemonte_prezzo_politico_per_la_circoncisione_rituale_in_ospedale_obiettivo_evitare_tragedie-175844861/ Turin: Little '''Henry''' was just 50 days old], 1 boy, 50 days
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 +
=== 2016 ===
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* [[MGM]] - May 26: '''Tyler Isaiah Pacheco''', 4 days old, [https://people.com/crime/aishia-pacheco-north-carolina-mom-allegedly-suffocates-newborn-to-death/ dies after mother allegedly suffocates him to death because he cried inconsolably] after his circumcision on May 26.<ref>{{REFweb
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|url=https://www.facebook.com/BloodstainedMenTheirFriends/photos/a.172218806251476/1203605653112781
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|title=Mom had just brought him home from the hospital
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|date=2018-05-31
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|accessdate=2022-06-01
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|quote=[[Bloodstained Men]] has confirmed with the baby's father that the newborn WAS circumcised at the hospital. Anyone who follows social media knows that American moms post ALL THE TIME that their babies cry inconsolably the night of circumcision, which is commonly done the day of the baby's release from the hospital.
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}}</ref>
  
 
=== 2015 ===
 
=== 2015 ===
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* [[MGM]] - March 31: [https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10153948390101937&set=a.453108571936&type=3&theater '''Kevin Lloyd Cagle''', San Francisco, California], suicide
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* [[MGM]] - March 31: [https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10153948390101937&set=a.453108571936&type=3&theater '''Kevin Lloyd Cagle''', 20, San Francisco, California], [[suicide]]
  
 
=== 2013 ===
 
=== 2013 ===
 
* [[MGM]] - August: '''Gugeluthu Molakapa''', age 4, brain dead after a circumcision at Germiston Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa.
 
* [[MGM]] - August: '''Gugeluthu Molakapa''', age 4, brain dead after a circumcision at Germiston Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa.
−
* [[MGM]] - March 8: '''Braden Tyler Frazier'''. Born February 25, 2013 at Lodi, California. Died at Sacramento. Circumcised on the ninth day of life at Sacramento, California. Died on the eleventh day of life of hemorrhage and convulsions, secondary to circumcision.
+
* [[MGM]] - May 24: '''Anonymous''', two weeks old, died in the Wolfson Medical Center, in Holon, [[Israel]], after slipping into unconsciousness during a circumcision ceremony.<ref>{{REFweb
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|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/boy-who-lost-consciousness-after-circumcision-dies/
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|title=Baby who lost consciousness after circumcision dies
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|website=The Times of Israel
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|date=2013-06-07
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|accessdate=2019-10-06
 +
}}</ref>
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* [[MGM]] - March 8: '''Braden Tyler Frazier'''. Born 25 February 2013 at Lodi, California. Died at Sacramento. Circumcised on the ninth day of life at Sacramento, California. Died on the eleventh day of life of hemorrhage and convulsions, secondary to circumcision.
 +
* [[MGM]] - January 25: '''Ryan Heydari''', ({{LifeData|birth=2019-01-03|birthplace=Ontario|birthcountry=Canada}}), bled to death after being circumcised on day 22 of his life.<ref>{{REFweb
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|url=https://nationalpost.com/health/ontario-newborn-bleeds-to-death-after-family-doctor-persuades-parents-to-get-him-circumcised
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|title=Ontario newborn bleeds to death after family doctor persuades parents to get him circumcised
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|last=Blackwell
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|first=Tom
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|publisher=National Post
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|date=2015-10-25
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|accessdate=2019-11-14
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}}</ref>
  
 
=== 2012 ===
 
=== 2012 ===
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=== 2011 ===
 
=== 2011 ===
 
* [[MGM]] - November 26: '''James Connor''', infant, seven pounds eight ounces, 21 inches long. Born at Pittsburgh, Friday, November 25, 2011. Death by bleeding after circumcision.
 
* [[MGM]] - November 26: '''James Connor''', infant, seven pounds eight ounces, 21 inches long. Born at Pittsburgh, Friday, November 25, 2011. Death by bleeding after circumcision.
−
* [[MGM]] - September 28: '''Anonymous''' Jewish infant, two weeks old. Death from Herpes infection, Maimonides Hospital, Brookyn, New York.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/08/nyregion/infants-death-renews-debate-over-a-circumcision-ritual.html In September 2011, a two-week-old boy died at Maimonides Hospital in Brooklyn of a herpes infection caused by ritual circumcision with oral aspiration of the blood (Metzitzah b'peh).]</ref>
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* [[MGM]] - September 28: '''Anonymous''' Jewish infant, two weeks old. Death from [[herpes]] infection, Maimonides Hospital, Brooklyn, New York.<ref>{{REFweb
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* [[MGM]] - May 3: '''Jaamal Coleson, Jr.''', toddler, of Brooklyn, New York. Died at Beth Israel Medical Center, Manhattan, New York City after a circumcision.<ref>Cynthia R. Fagen. Tot's shock hosp death: Tragic circumcision. New York Post, Thursday, May 5, 2011.</ref>
+
|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/08/nyregion/infants-death-renews-debate-over-a-circumcision-ritual.html
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|title=Baby’s Death Renews Debate Over a Circumcision Ritual
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|last=Robbins
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|first=Liz
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|publisher=The New York Times
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|date=2012-03-07
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|accessdate=2019-10-07
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}}</ref>
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* [[MGM]] - September: '''[[Anonymous_case_reports#Braydon|Braydon]]''', newborn, some weeks old. Death from [[bleeding]] after circumcision. His mother is American, his father is Canadian and Jewish.<ref>{{REFweb
 +
|url=https://www.facebook.com/BloodstainedMenTheirFriends/posts/2339392802867388
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|title=Braydon did not survive
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|website=Facebook
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|publisher=[[Bloodstained Men]]
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|date=2021-09-11
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|accessdate=2022-06-03
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}}</ref>
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* [[MGM]] - May 3: '''Jaamal Coleson, Jr.''', toddler, of Brooklyn, New York. Died at Beth Israel Medical Center, Manhattan, New York City after a circumcision.<ref>Cynthia R. Fagen. Tot's [[shock]] hosp death: Tragic circumcision. New York Post, Thursday, May 5, 2011.</ref>
  
 
=== 2010 ===
 
=== 2010 ===
 
* [[MGM]] - October 6: '''Joshua Haskins''', 7-weeks old. Died 19 hours after having circumcision followed by prolonged bleeding, despite having congenital heart defect and being in intensive care. Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
 
* [[MGM]] - October 6: '''Joshua Haskins''', 7-weeks old. Died 19 hours after having circumcision followed by prolonged bleeding, despite having congenital heart defect and being in intensive care. Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
 
* [[MGM]] - September 25: '''Saijad Hossain Mimu''', 6-years-old. Death by lidocaine anaesthetic overdose, Safapur, Amirbad Union, Sonagazi Upazila, Feni District in the Division of Chittagong, Bangladesh.<ref name="pro">http://pro-kinderrechte.de/tod-nach-beschneidung-eine-ubersicht/</ref>
 
* [[MGM]] - September 25: '''Saijad Hossain Mimu''', 6-years-old. Death by lidocaine anaesthetic overdose, Safapur, Amirbad Union, Sonagazi Upazila, Feni District in the Division of Chittagong, Bangladesh.<ref name="pro">http://pro-kinderrechte.de/tod-nach-beschneidung-eine-ubersicht/</ref>
−
* [[MGM]] - April 17: '''Goodluck Caubergs''', Baby. Bled to death after circumcision. Oldham, England.
+
* [[MGM]] - April 17: '''Goodluck Caubergs''', Baby. Bled to death after circumcision. Oldham, England.<ref>{{REFnews
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|title=Grace Adeleye guilty of killing baby in botched circumcision
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|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-manchester-20733674
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|last=
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|first=
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|coauthors=
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|publisher=BBC
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|website=
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|date=2012-12-14
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|accessdate=2021-09-12
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|quote=The boy bled to death before he could reach hospital the following day.
 +
}}</ref>
  
 
=== 2009 ===
 
=== 2009 ===
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=== 2008 ===
 
=== 2008 ===
−
* [[MGM]] - December 23: '''Beasley Allen Terrebonne''', age 48, death by suicide after botched circumcision and resulting depression. Thibodaux, Louisiana, USA.
+
* [[MGM]] - December 23: '''Beasley Allen Terrebonne''', age 48, death by [[suicide]] after botched circumcision and resulting depression. Thibodaux, Louisiana, USA.
 
* [[MGM]] - August 3: '''Gino Erojo''', 11-years-old. Death by infection following circumcision, Panciao, Manjyod, Negroes Oriental, Philippines.
 
* [[MGM]] - August 3: '''Gino Erojo''', 11-years-old. Death by infection following circumcision, Panciao, Manjyod, Negroes Oriental, Philippines.
−
* [[MGM]] - July 22: '''Johnson Killed'''. Age 2 years and 7 months. death by circumcision. Bari, Italy.
+
* [[MGM]] - July 22: '''Johnson Killed'''. Age 2 years and 7 months. Death by circumcision. Bari, Italy.
 
* [[MGM]] - July: '''Yogama Boya''', 18-year-old male, death by circumcision, Qumbu area of Transkei, South Africa.
 
* [[MGM]] - July: '''Yogama Boya''', 18-year-old male, death by circumcision, Qumbu area of Transkei, South Africa.
 
* [[MGM]] - June 13: '''Eric Keefe''', 6-week-old infant boy, death by blood loss following circumcision, Indian Health Service Hospital, Rosebud, South Dakota, USA.<ref>[http://www.circumstitions.com/news/news34.html#death-sd In June 2008, six-week-old '''Eric Keefe''' died of circumcision at Rosebud's Indian Health Service Hospital in South Dakota.]</ref>
 
* [[MGM]] - June 13: '''Eric Keefe''', 6-week-old infant boy, death by blood loss following circumcision, Indian Health Service Hospital, Rosebud, South Dakota, USA.<ref>[http://www.circumstitions.com/news/news34.html#death-sd In June 2008, six-week-old '''Eric Keefe''' died of circumcision at Rosebud's Indian Health Service Hospital in South Dakota.]</ref>
−
* [[MGM]] - June 5: '''Evidence Obosee Prince Aseh''', boy, 2-months, death by circumcision, haemorrhage, Treviso, Italy.<ref>[http://ricerca.gelocal.it/tribunatreviso/archivio/tribunatreviso/2008/06/06/TB1PO_TB101.html In Treviso, Italy, a Nigerian boy died in June 2008 of cardiac arrest after blood loss after a circumcision performed at home. The baby was called '''Evidence Obosee Prince Aseh''' and was two months old, reported the Tribuna di Treviso.]</ref>
+
* [[MGM]] - June 5: '''Evidence Obosee Prince Aseh''', boy, 2-months, death by circumcision, [[haemorrhage]], Treviso, Italy.<ref>[http://ricerca.gelocal.it/tribunatreviso/archivio/tribunatreviso/2008/06/06/TB1PO_TB101.html In Treviso, Italy, a Nigerian boy died in June 2008 of cardiac arrest after blood loss after a circumcision performed at home. The baby was called '''Evidence Obosee Prince Aseh''' and was two months old, reported the Tribuna di Treviso.]</ref>
  
 
=== 2007 ===
 
=== 2007 ===
Line 59: Line 228:
 
* [[MGM]] - July: In Rawalpindi, Pakistan, a baby died of blood loss in July 2007 after the doctor did not properly perform the circumcision. The operation was carried out in the boy's home, the Daily Times reported.<ref name="pro" />
 
* [[MGM]] - July: In Rawalpindi, Pakistan, a baby died of blood loss in July 2007 after the doctor did not properly perform the circumcision. The operation was carried out in the boy's home, the Daily Times reported.<ref name="pro" />
 
* [[MGM]] - June: [http://www.pravdareport.com/society/stories/02-07-2008/105666-circumcision-0/ In Kazan, Russia, the four-year-old '''Rifat''' died in June 2007 after a ritual circumcision in the hospital.]
 
* [[MGM]] - June: [http://www.pravdareport.com/society/stories/02-07-2008/105666-circumcision-0/ In Kazan, Russia, the four-year-old '''Rifat''' died in June 2007 after a ritual circumcision in the hospital.]
−
* [[MGM]] - February 22: '''Celian Noumbiwe''', boy, nine weeks, death by circumcision, bled to death, Wexham Park Hospital, Slough, Berkshire, United Kingdom.<ref>[https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/baby-bled-to-death-after-circumcision-inquest-told-cvrmhlsqh6h In February 2007, nine-year-old '''Celian Noumbiwe''' bleed to death after circumcision by a physician in Reading, Berkshire.]</ref>
+
* [[MGM]] - February 22: '''Celian Noumbiwe''', boy, nine weeks, death by circumcision, bled to death, Wexham Park Hospital, Slough, Berkshire, United Kingdom.<ref>[https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/baby-bled-to-death-after-circumcision-inquest-told-cvrmhlsqh6h In February 2007, nine-year-old '''Celian Noumbiwe''' bleed to death after circumcision by a physician in Reading, Berkshire.]</ref><ref>{{REFnews
−
* [[MGM]] - February 9: '''Amitai Moshe''', 2 weeks, after a ritual circumcision at Golders Green Synagogue, London.
+
|title=Baby bled to death after circumcision, inquest told
 +
|url=http://www.cirp.org/news/londontimes2009-02-13/
 +
|last=Bannerman
 +
|first=Lucy
 +
|coauthors=
 +
|publisher=The Times
 +
|website=
 +
|date=2009-02-13
 +
|accessdate=2021-09-12
 +
|quote=
 +
}}</ref>
 +
* [[MGM]] - February 9: '''Amitai Moshe''', 2 weeks, after a ritual circumcision at Golders Green Synagogue, London.<ref name="beckford2007">{{REFnews
 +
|title=Police investigate baby's death after circumcision
 +
|url=http://www.cirp.org/news/dailytelegraph2007-02-16/
 +
|last=Beckford
 +
|first=Martin
 +
|coauthors=
 +
|publisher=The Daily Telegraph
 +
|website=
 +
|date=2007-02-16
 +
|accessdate=2021-09-12
 +
|quote=Police are investigating the circumstances of the death of a baby boy. Inquiries are being carried out by officers from the Serious Crime Directorate. The death is being treated as unexplained.
 +
}}</ref>
 
* [[MGM]] - February: '''Anonymous''' Infant boy. Death by bleeding following circumcision in Creswell, Oregon, Sacred Heart Hospital, Eugene, Oregon, USA.
 
* [[MGM]] - February: '''Anonymous''' Infant boy. Death by bleeding following circumcision in Creswell, Oregon, Sacred Heart Hospital, Eugene, Oregon, USA.
  
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* [[MGM]] - February 15: '''Abou Quir''', infant boy, Alexandria, Egypt.
 
* [[MGM]] - February 15: '''Abou Quir''', infant boy, Alexandria, Egypt.
 
* [[MGM]] - February 10: '''Muyoddin Khan''', 5, Indrapur, Nepal.
 
* [[MGM]] - February 10: '''Muyoddin Khan''', 5, Indrapur, Nepal.
−
* [[MGM]] - January 9: '''Wandile Lwane''', 21 (Dontsa Lwane's brother, by suicide after learning of Dontasa's death) Ezibeleni, Queenstown, South Africa.
+
* [[MGM]] - January 9: '''Wandile Lwane''', 21 (Dontsa Lwane's brother, by [[suicide]] after learning of Dontasa's death) Ezibeleni, Queenstown, South Africa.
−
* [[MGM]] - January 8: '''Dontsa Lwane''', 19 (by suicide after botched circumcision of Dec 11, 2004) Gqebenya, Lady Frere, South Africa.
+
* [[MGM]] - January 8: '''Dontsa Lwane''', 19 (by [[suicide]] after botched circumcision of Dec 11, 2004) Gqebenya, Lady Frere, South Africa.
  
 
=== 2004 ===
 
=== 2004 ===
−
* [[MGM]] - October: '''Anonymous''' Infant twin (by herpes virus, circumcised by Rabbi Yitzhok Fischer who had herpes and performed metziza by mouth [sucking the blood] on baby's penis) New York, New York, USA.<ref>[http://www.cirp.org/news/jewishweek02-10-05/ In October 2004, a baby died from a herpes infection ten days after being circumcised by a mohel.]</ref>
+
* [[MGM]] - October: '''Anonymous''' Infant twin (by [[herpes]] virus, circumcised by Rabbi Yitzhok Fischer who had [[herpes]] and performed metziza by mouth [sucking the blood] on baby's penis) New York, New York, USA.<ref>[http://www.cirp.org/news/jewishweek02-10-05/ In October 2004, a baby died from a [[herpes]] infection ten days after being circumcised by a mohel.]</ref>
 
* [[MGM]] - July 4: '''Sabelo Marotya''', 17, at Mdantsane, South Africa.
 
* [[MGM]] - July 4: '''Sabelo Marotya''', 17, at Mdantsane, South Africa.
  
Line 95: Line 286:
 
* [[MGM]] - November 21: '''Sifiso Kobo''': Umtata, South Africa.
 
* [[MGM]] - November 21: '''Sifiso Kobo''': Umtata, South Africa.
 
* [[MGM]] - November 19: '''Zola Mjamba''': Umtata, South Africa.
 
* [[MGM]] - November 19: '''Zola Mjamba''': Umtata, South Africa.
−
* [[MGM]] - August 22: '''Ryleigh Roman Bryan McWillis''': Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.<ref>Madoda Dyonana. 'Errant surgeon will be found'. Business Day, Saturday, 7 December 2002.</ref><ref>[http://www.cirp.org/news/theprovince02-13-04/ Ryleigh novel '''Bryan McWillis''' died in August 2002 at the age of one month and one day.]</ref>
+
* [[MGM]] - August 22: '''Ryleigh Roman Bryan McWillis''': Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.<ref>Madoda Dyonana. 'Errant surgeon will be found'. Business Day, Saturday, 7 December 2002.</ref><ref>[http://www.cirp.org/news/theprovince02-13-04/ '''Ryleigh Roman Bryan McWillis''' died in August 2002 at the age of one month and one day.]</ref>
  
 
=== 2001 ===
 
=== 2001 ===
Line 133: Line 324:
 
=== 1957 ===
 
=== 1957 ===
 
* [[MGM]]: '''Bruce Wechsler''': infant boy, Staph infection following circumcision. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
 
* [[MGM]]: '''Bruce Wechsler''': infant boy, Staph infection following circumcision. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
 +
 +
=== 1949 ===
 +
* [[MGM]]: [[Douglas Gairdner|Gairdner]] (1949) reported 16 deaths per year.<ref name="gairdner1949">{{GairdnerDM 1949}}</ref> Death from circumcision still occurs.
  
 
=== 1942 ===
 
=== 1942 ===
Line 142: Line 336:
  
 
=== 1927 ===
 
=== 1927 ===
−
* August 21 [[MGM]]: '''Michael Julian Baldwin''': infant boy, 4-days-old, hemorrhage after circumcision. Monroe County, Indiana, USA.
+
* [[MGM]] - August 21: '''Michael Julian Baldwin''': infant boy, 4-days-old, hemorrhage after circumcision. Monroe County, Indiana, USA.
  
 
=== 1910 ===
 
=== 1910 ===
−
* June 10 [[MGM]]: '''Aleck''', Baby Boy: Island County, Washington, USA.
+
* [[MGM]] - June 10: '''Aleck''', Baby Boy: Island County, Washington, USA.
  
 
== 19th century ==
 
== 19th century ==
Line 155: Line 349:
  
 
== Antiquity ==
 
== Antiquity ==
−
The fact that circumcision on infants regularly led to deaths is shown by the fact that the Talmud of Babylon, Yebamoth 64b,<ref>http://www.come-and-hear.com/yebamoth/yebamoth_64.html</ref> provides for when the first two (or three) sons have died after circumcision, subsequent sons no longer need to be circumcised.
+
The fact that circumcision on infants regularly led to deaths is shown by the fact that the Talmud of Babylon, Yebamoth 64b,<ref>[http://www.come-and-hear.com/yebamoth/yebamoth_64.html Babylonian Talmud: Tractate Yebamoth]</ref> provides for when the first two (or three) sons have died after circumcision, subsequent sons no longer need to be circumcised.
  
 +
{{SEEALSO}}
 +
* [[Anonymous case reports]]
 +
* [[Death]]
 +
* [[Sudden Infant Death Syndrome]]
  
−
== Other web pages with lists ==
+
{{LINKS}}
 
The following websites maintain lists with fatalities due to circumcision on minors, too. Some cases are listed above, but are commented in detail or with more information on the following web pages.
 
The following websites maintain lists with fatalities due to circumcision on minors, too. Some cases are listed above, but are commented in detail or with more information on the following web pages.
  
 
* [https://www.beschneidungsforum.de/index.php/Board/64-Beschneidungen-mit-Todesfolge/ Beschneidungsforum.de], German
 
* [https://www.beschneidungsforum.de/index.php/Board/64-Beschneidungen-mit-Todesfolge/ Beschneidungsforum.de], German
−
* [http://www.cirp.org/library/death/ Cirp.org]
+
* [http://www.cirp.org/library/death/ Circumcision Deaths]
 +
* [http://www.sexuallymutilatedchild.org/ In Memory of the Sexually Mutilated Child]
 
* [https://www.facebook.com/OnlineDenkmalFurAlleOpferDerKinderbeschneidung/ Online memorial for all victims of child circumcision], Facebook page, German
 
* [https://www.facebook.com/OnlineDenkmalFurAlleOpferDerKinderbeschneidung/ Online memorial for all victims of child circumcision], Facebook page, German
−
* [http://www.drmomma.org/2010/05/death-from-circumcision.html peacful parenting: Dr. Momma]
+
* [http://www.drmomma.org/2010/05/death-from-circumcision.html peaceful parenting: Dr. Momma]
 
* [http://pro-kinderrechte.de/tod-nach-beschneidung-eine-ubersicht/ Pro-Kinderrechte.de], German
 
* [http://pro-kinderrechte.de/tod-nach-beschneidung-eine-ubersicht/ Pro-Kinderrechte.de], German
 
* [http://wisewomanwayofbirth.com/circumcision-dirty-little-secrets-exposed/ Wise Woman Way of Birth]
 
* [http://wisewomanwayofbirth.com/circumcision-dirty-little-secrets-exposed/ Wise Woman Way of Birth]
  
 
{{REF}}
 
{{REF}}
 +
 +
 +
 +
[[Category:Parental information]]
 +
[[Category:Circumcision risk]]
 +
[[Category:Circumcision complication]]
  
 
[[de:Todesopfer]]
 
[[de:Todesopfer]]

Latest revision as of 09:08, 25 March 2024

Fatalities teaserphoto.png

This article collects reports of persons who have died as a result of genital mutilation. Of course, the list does not claim to be exhaustive. The names are highlighted because this is about people, not numbers. Every single one of these deaths could have been avoided.

21st century

2024

  • Hanif Tahmi, 10, died at Dhaka, Bangladesh due to an overdose of anesthesia.[1]

2023

  • MGM - 31 December: Five-year-old Ayaan did not regain consciousness following a circumcision at United Medical College Hospital, Badda, Bangladesh.[2] The hospital was ordered to halt health care services.[3]

https://media.assettype.com/bdnews24-english%2F2024-01%2F0f9a5514-5719-404d-974a-377d96e21e09%2Fayan_united_medical_090124_02.jpg?auto=format%2Ccompress&format=webp&w=768

2022

  • MGM - 29 December: 14 year old boy (N.N. Kirwa Maina) from Tarakwa, Uasin Gishu County, Kenya, died after botched traditional circumcision in Nandi county, Kenya.[4][5]
  • MGM - 25 May: 2 months old boy died in Latresne near Bordeaux, France, after mass circumcision of ten or twel boys in a Center for Ritual Circumcision (CCR).[6]
  • MGM - 30 April: Two teenagers, Thomas Ntuli, 19, and Sibusiso Masombuka, 18, died on Friday, 29 April 2022, after being traditionally circumcised at an initiation school in South Africa.[7]
  • MGM - 2 April: 7 year old boy died in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, after circumcision, child's relatives refused forensic autopsy.[8]
  • MGM - 22 March: GMA News (Philippine Islands) reported the death due to bleeding on Tuesday, 22 March 2022 of a 13-year-old boy who continued to bleed after his circumcision at a free circumcision event on Saturday, 19 March 2022 in Lucena, Quezon, Philippines, which had been sponsored by the Scout Royale Brotherhood. The boy was brought to hospital on Monday, but died the following day.[9]
  • MGM - 24 January: Five-day-old "Baby R" died in Texas Children's Hospital where he had been transferred following an elective, consented, non-therapeutic circumcision. Uncontrolled bleeding occurred. The infant boy also had a stroke and brain haemorrhage. It is unclear whether the pain and stress of circumcision precipitated the stroke and death.

2021

2020

2019

2018

2017

2016

2015

2013

  • MGM - August: Gugeluthu Molakapa, age 4, brain dead after a circumcision at Germiston Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • MGM - May 24: Anonymous, two weeks old, died in the Wolfson Medical Center, in Holon, Israel, after slipping into unconsciousness during a circumcision ceremony.[11]
  • MGM - March 8: Braden Tyler Frazier. Born 25 February 2013 at Lodi, California. Died at Sacramento. Circumcised on the ninth day of life at Sacramento, California. Died on the eleventh day of life of hemorrhage and convulsions, secondary to circumcision.
  • MGM - January 25: Ryan Heydari, (born 3 January 2019 in Ontario, Canada), bled to death after being circumcised on day 22 of his life.[12]

2012

2011

  • MGM - November 26: James Connor, infant, seven pounds eight ounces, 21 inches long. Born at Pittsburgh, Friday, November 25, 2011. Death by bleeding after circumcision.
  • MGM - September 28: Anonymous Jewish infant, two weeks old. Death from herpes infection, Maimonides Hospital, Brooklyn, New York.[13]
  • MGM - September: Braydon, newborn, some weeks old. Death from bleeding after circumcision. His mother is American, his father is Canadian and Jewish.[14]
  • MGM - May 3: Jaamal Coleson, Jr., toddler, of Brooklyn, New York. Died at Beth Israel Medical Center, Manhattan, New York City after a circumcision.[15]

2010

  • MGM - October 6: Joshua Haskins, 7-weeks old. Died 19 hours after having circumcision followed by prolonged bleeding, despite having congenital heart defect and being in intensive care. Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
  • MGM - September 25: Saijad Hossain Mimu, 6-years-old. Death by lidocaine anaesthetic overdose, Safapur, Amirbad Union, Sonagazi Upazila, Feni District in the Division of Chittagong, Bangladesh.[16]
  • MGM - April 17: Goodluck Caubergs, Baby. Bled to death after circumcision. Oldham, England.[17]

2009

  • MGM - November 11: Sonke Foca, male, 19-years-old. Death by dehydration following circumcision, Butterworth, Transkei, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.
  • MGM - October 30: Kaan Otuk, boy, one-month-old. Death by circumcision anaesthesia overdose, Çukurova State Hospital, Adana, Turkey.
  • MGM - October: Bradley Dorcius, boy, 7-months-old. Death by circumcision, SUNY Downstate Hospital. Brooklyn, New York, USA.
  • MGM - January 1: Jayvas Carson, full-term baby, born 15 Novmber 2008. Circumcised 28 November 2008 by Dr. Rachel Carson of Coeur d'Alene Pediatics. Died at Sacred Heart Children's Hospital, Spokane, Washington, after long series of complications that started with the loss of blood due to his non-therapeutic circumcision.

2008

  • MGM - December 23: Beasley Allen Terrebonne, age 48, death by suicide after botched circumcision and resulting depression. Thibodaux, Louisiana, USA.
  • MGM - August 3: Gino Erojo, 11-years-old. Death by infection following circumcision, Panciao, Manjyod, Negroes Oriental, Philippines.
  • MGM - July 22: Johnson Killed. Age 2 years and 7 months. Death by circumcision. Bari, Italy.
  • MGM - July: Yogama Boya, 18-year-old male, death by circumcision, Qumbu area of Transkei, South Africa.
  • MGM - June 13: Eric Keefe, 6-week-old infant boy, death by blood loss following circumcision, Indian Health Service Hospital, Rosebud, South Dakota, USA.[18]
  • MGM - June 5: Evidence Obosee Prince Aseh, boy, 2-months, death by circumcision, haemorrhage, Treviso, Italy.[19]

2007

  • MGM - November 18: Anonymous Infant boy, 18-days-old, death by circumcision, Pilar District, Tarragona, Nigeria.
  • MGM - November 18: Kulideep Kumar Vishnubhai Patel, 10-year-old boy, death by circumcision, Unjha, Gujarat, India.[20]
  • MGM - November: Anonymous 18-year-old male, death by circumcision, Gxulu Village, Umtata, South Africa.
  • MGM - July: In Rawalpindi, Pakistan, a baby died of blood loss in July 2007 after the doctor did not properly perform the circumcision. The operation was carried out in the boy's home, the Daily Times reported.[16]
  • MGM - June: In Kazan, Russia, the four-year-old Rifat died in June 2007 after a ritual circumcision in the hospital.
  • MGM - February 22: Celian Noumbiwe, boy, nine weeks, death by circumcision, bled to death, Wexham Park Hospital, Slough, Berkshire, United Kingdom.[21][22]
  • MGM - February 9: Amitai Moshe, 2 weeks, after a ritual circumcision at Golders Green Synagogue, London.[23]
  • MGM - February: Anonymous Infant boy. Death by bleeding following circumcision in Creswell, Oregon, Sacred Heart Hospital, Eugene, Oregon, USA.

2006

  • MGM - December 18: Lunga Nocanda, 18, Paarl, Western Cape, South Africa.
  • MGM - November 26: Xola Mbuqe, 18, Nelson Mandela Academic Hospital, Mthatha, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
  • MGM - August 07: Dead Franjo: penalty for female doctor reduced to 18 months, 1 boy (Franjo O.), 4 years
  • MGM - July 8 or 9: Nkhiphitheni Nehelula, 9, Guyuni-Dzumbama village near Mutale, Limpopo, South Africa.
  • MGM - July 5: Sello Ntsie, 18 (beaten to death at a circumcision "initiation school" before he could be circumcised), Zuurbekom, near Westonaria, South Africa.
  • MGM - July 5: Siyabonga Radebe, 14 (beaten to death at a circumcision "initiation school" before he could be circumcised), Zuurbekom, near Westonaria, South Africa.
  • MGM - July 3: Patrick Hoho, 58 (hacked to death by Hoho's circumcision victim), Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
  • MGM: The son of Ramil Sadekov, the imam of the historic mosque in Moscow, Salikh Sadekow was only a month old. The imam had contacted the circumciser due to an advertising campaign, and the operation was carried out in the imam's apartment. At first, it seemed that the circumcision had been successful and uncomplicated, but Salikh's condition soon began to deteriorate rapidly. At 5am, parents noticed that their baby was breathing slower than usual. His fingers became cold and green. He died of blood loss before the ambulance arrived.[16]

2005

  • MGM - October 20: Jacob Christian Holliday. Circumcision damaged already-defective heart, requiring heart transplant at age two. Death resulted from cancer caused by immuno-suppresant drugs and resultant cancer at age 4, Orlando, Florida, USA.
  • MGM - February 15: Abou Quir, infant boy, Alexandria, Egypt.
  • MGM - February 10: Muyoddin Khan, 5, Indrapur, Nepal.
  • MGM - January 9: Wandile Lwane, 21 (Dontsa Lwane's brother, by suicide after learning of Dontasa's death) Ezibeleni, Queenstown, South Africa.
  • MGM - January 8: Dontsa Lwane, 19 (by suicide after botched circumcision of Dec 11, 2004) Gqebenya, Lady Frere, South Africa.

2004

  • MGM - October: Anonymous Infant twin (by herpes virus, circumcised by Rabbi Yitzhok Fischer who had herpes and performed metziza by mouth [sucking the blood] on baby's penis) New York, New York, USA.[24]
  • MGM - July 4: Sabelo Marotya, 17, at Mdantsane, South Africa.

2003

  • MGM - December 15: Andile Masabalala, 21, of Tsomo, South Africa.
  • MGM - December 12: Myolisi Mayekiso, 18, of Whittlesea, South Africa.
  • MGM - December 12: Thamsanqa Mnyaka, 19, of Whittlesea, South Africa.
  • MGM - December: Bennett Ntazina, adolescent boy. Death by circumcision. Jan Kempdorp, South Africa.
  • MGM - August 17: Callis Osaghae: Regional Hospital, Waterford, Ireland.[25][26]
  • MGM - March 26: Nui Jia Yuan, 4-years-old. Death by asphyxia following circumcision. Singapore.[27]

2002

  • MGM - November 21: Sifiso Kobo: Umtata, South Africa.
  • MGM - November 19: Zola Mjamba: Umtata, South Africa.
  • MGM - August 22: Ryleigh Roman Bryan McWillis: Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.[28][29]

2001

20th century

1999

1998

1995

1993

  • MGM - June 23: Demetrius Manker: Carol City, Dade County, Florida, USA.[31][32]

1992

  • MGM - July 8: Allen A. Ervin: Spartanburg, SC

1991

  • MGM - July: Raju Miah: Death by circumcision. Birmingham, England, United Kingdom.

1990

  • MGM: Boma Oruitemeka: Death by circumcision, severe hemorrhage. London, England, UK.

1986

  • MGM - November: Steven Christopher Chacon: San Francisco, CA, USA.

1982

  • MGM - November: Christopher Dolezal: Des Moines, IA, USA.

1974

  • MGM - June 9: Chino Burrell: 7-months-old, death by circumcision, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

1957

  • MGM: Bruce Wechsler: infant boy, Staph infection following circumcision. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

1949

  • MGM: Gairdner (1949) reported 16 deaths per year.[33] Death from circumcision still occurs.

1942

  • MGM - December: "J.B.": Evanston, Illinois, USA.
  • MGM - April: Baby boy Lebeau, death by circumcision, Quebec, Canada.

1932

  • MGM: Roland Albert McCarty: infant boy. Death by infection of circumcision wound. Jacksonville, Florida, USA.

1927

  • MGM - August 21: Michael Julian Baldwin: infant boy, 4-days-old, hemorrhage after circumcision. Monroe County, Indiana, USA.

1910

  • MGM - June 10: Aleck, Baby Boy: Island County, Washington, USA.

19th century

1858

  • MGM - April 18: Myer Jacob Levy: 8-days-old, bled to death after circumcision, New York, NY, USA.

1856

  • MGM - December 14: Julius Katzenstein: 8-days-old, bled to death after circumcision, New York, NY, USA.

Antiquity

The fact that circumcision on infants regularly led to deaths is shown by the fact that the Talmud of Babylon, Yebamoth 64b,[34] provides for when the first two (or three) sons have died after circumcision, subsequent sons no longer need to be circumcised.

See also

External links

The following websites maintain lists with fatalities due to circumcision on minors, too. Some cases are listed above, but are commented in detail or with more information on the following web pages.

References

  1. ↑ REFnews Khan, Azhar (24 February 2024)."Bangladesh Shocker: 10-Year-Old Boy Dies During Circumcision Surgery Due To Wrong Dose Of Anesthesia In Dhaka", Free Press Journal. Retrieved 24 March 2024.
  2. ↑ REFnews Anonymous (8 January 2024)."5-year-old dies after circumcision at United Medical College Hospital", The Business Standard. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
    Quote: He was transferred to the hospital's Gulshan branch from there as he did not regain consciousness a few hours post-operation.
  3. ↑ REFnews (14 January 2024)."United Medical College ordered to halt healthcare services after child Ayan’s death", https://bdnews24.com. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
    Quote: The case implicated United Medical College Hospital's anesthesiologist Syed Sabbir Ahmed, surgeon Tasnuva Mahjabin, an anonymous director and other unidentified employees of the medical college hospital and United Hospital.
  4. ↑ REFnews (30 December 2022)."Boy, 14, who scored 395 in KCPE dies in botched circumcision", Nation, Kenya. Retrieved 4 January 2023.
  5. ↑ REFnews (30 December 2022)."Mourning Boy. Botched circumcision boy to be buried Friday", Star, Kenya. Retrieved 4 January 2023.
  6. ↑ REFnews (3 June 2022)."Gironde : une enquête ouverte après la mort d’un bébé qui venait d’être circoncis" [Gironde: an investigation opened after the death of a baby who had just been circumcised] (French), Le Parisien. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
  7. ↑ REFweb Newane, Nokwanda (30 April 2022). Young men die in circumcision related incidents, MSN, The South African. Retrieved 11 May 2022.
  8. ↑ REFweb (5 April 2022). 7yo boy died in Bishkek after circumcision, autopsy not performed, AKIpress. Retrieved 5 April 2022.
  9. ↑ REFnews (25 March 2022)."Circumcision causes 13-year-old to bleed to death in Lucena", GMA News. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
    Quote: The Public Attorney's Office is looking into the death.
  10. ↑ REFweb (31 May 2018). Mom had just brought him home from the hospital. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
    Quote: Bloodstained Men has confirmed with the baby's father that the newborn WAS circumcised at the hospital. Anyone who follows social media knows that American moms post ALL THE TIME that their babies cry inconsolably the night of circumcision, which is commonly done the day of the baby's release from the hospital.
  11. ↑ REFweb (7 June 2013). Baby who lost consciousness after circumcision dies, The Times of Israel. Retrieved 6 October 2019.
  12. ↑ REFweb Blackwell, Tom (25 October 2015). Ontario newborn bleeds to death after family doctor persuades parents to get him circumcised, National Post. Retrieved 14 November 2019.
  13. ↑ REFweb Robbins, Liz (7 March 2012). Baby’s Death Renews Debate Over a Circumcision Ritual, The New York Times. Retrieved 7 October 2019.
  14. ↑ REFweb (11 September 2021). Braydon did not survive, Facebook, Bloodstained Men. Retrieved 3 June 2022.
  15. ↑ Cynthia R. Fagen. Tot's shock hosp death: Tragic circumcision. New York Post, Thursday, May 5, 2011.
  16. ↑ a b c http://pro-kinderrechte.de/tod-nach-beschneidung-eine-ubersicht/
  17. ↑ REFnews (14 December 2012)."Grace Adeleye guilty of killing baby in botched circumcision", BBC. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
    Quote: The boy bled to death before he could reach hospital the following day.
  18. ↑ In June 2008, six-week-old Eric Keefe died of circumcision at Rosebud's Indian Health Service Hospital in South Dakota.
  19. ↑ In Treviso, Italy, a Nigerian boy died in June 2008 of cardiac arrest after blood loss after a circumcision performed at home. The baby was called Evidence Obosee Prince Aseh and was two months old, reported the Tribuna di Treviso.
  20. ↑ Ten-year-old Kuldeep Kumar Vishnubhai Patel died in November 2007 about two hours after his circumcision at Anand Hospital in Unjha, India.
  21. ↑ In February 2007, nine-year-old Celian Noumbiwe bleed to death after circumcision by a physician in Reading, Berkshire.
  22. ↑ REFnews Bannerman, Lucy (13 February 2009)."Baby bled to death after circumcision, inquest told", The Times. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
  23. ↑ REFnews Beckford, Martin (16 February 2007)."Police investigate baby's death after circumcision", The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
    Quote: Police are investigating the circumstances of the death of a baby boy. Inquiries are being carried out by officers from the Serious Crime Directorate. The death is being treated as unexplained.
  24. ↑ In October 2004, a baby died from a herpes infection ten days after being circumcised by a mohel.
  25. ↑ Infant dies after home circumcision. Munster Express, Munster, Southeathern Ireland, Friday, 22 August 2003.
  26. ↑ As the Guardian reported in September 2003, Callis Osaghae had died three weeks earlier after a botched circumcision.
  27. ↑ In Singapore's Electric New Paper, it was reported in June 2007 that four-year-old Nui Jia Yuan had died in 2003 from a crooked circumcision.
  28. ↑ Madoda Dyonana. 'Errant surgeon will be found'. Business Day, Saturday, 7 December 2002.
  29. ↑ Ryleigh Roman Bryan McWillis died in August 2002 at the age of one month and one day.
  30. ↑ Lyndia Lum, Ruth Sorelle. Boy's death to be probed. Houston Chronicle, Houston, Texas, Friday, July 28, 1995, page 28A.
  31. ↑ Baby bleeds to death after circumcision. Miami Herald, Miami, Florida, June 26, 1993.
  32. ↑ The Miami Herald reported in June 1993, the six-month-old Demetrius Manker bleeding after a routine circumcision.
  33. ↑ REFjournal Gairdner DMT. The fate of the foreskin: a study of circumcision. British Medical Journal. 1949; 2(4642): 1433-7. PMID. PMC. DOI. Retrieved 28 October 2019.
  34. ↑ Babylonian Talmud: Tractate Yebamoth
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