Difference between revisions of "Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)"

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The '''Adverse Childhood Experience Study''' originated with a questionnaire mailed 13,494 adults. The adverse childhood experiences (ACE) studied included psychological, physical, or sexual abuse; violence against mother; or living with household members who were substance abusers, mentally ill or suicidal, or ever imprisoned. The study, which was carried out in the 1990s, did not include infant [[circumcision]].<ref>{{REFbook
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|last=van der Kolk
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'''Adverse Childhood Experiences''' (ACEs) harm children's developing brains. They lead to changing how children respond to [http://www.cirp.org/library/pain/gunnar/ stress] and damaging their immune systems so profoundly that the effects show up decades later. ACEs cause much of our chronic disease burden, most mental illness, and are at the root of violence.
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|first=Bessel
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Involuntary childhood genital cutting—including female genital mutilation, gender-norming surgery of [[intersex]] children, and male [[circumcision]]—is [[Pain| painful and traumatic]] and has been found to permanently alter individuals' sexuality, and to have other lifelong consequences. These early traumas are not yet included on the ACE checklist.
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|author-link=Bessel van der Kolk
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|year=2015
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ACEs are strongly associated with high-risk health behaviors in adulthood, such as smoking, alcohol and drug abuse, promiscuity, and obesity; and with ill health, including depression, heart and lung disease, cancer, and decreased lifespan.
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|title=The Body Keeps the score
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|url=
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ACEs have a dose-response relationship with many health problems. That is, as the number of ACEs accumulates, the greater the health risks to the individual.
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|chapter=Chapter Nine
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|scope=
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ACEs come from the CDC-Kaiser Adverse Childhood Experiences Study, a groundbreaking public health study that discovered that childhood trauma leads to the adult onset of chronic diseases, depression and other mental illness, violence and being a victim of violence, as well as financial and social problems.<ref>{{REFjournal
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|page=
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  |last=Ferlitti
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|pages=140-3
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  |first=Vincent J.
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|ISBN=978-0-14-312774-1
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|accessdate=2023-08-07
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}}</ref> <ref>{{REFdocument
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|title=Child genital cutting as an adverse childhood experience
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|trans-title=
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|language=
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|url=http://adversechildhoodexperiences.net/CGC_as_an_ACE.pdf
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|archived=
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|contribution=
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|quote=
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|trans-quote=
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|quote-lang=
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|last=Bollinger
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|first=Dan
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|author-link=Dan Bollinger
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|last2=Chapin
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|first2=Georganne
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|author2-link=Georganne Chapin
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|publisher=Intact America
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|location=Tarrytown
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|format=PDF
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|date=2019-08-01
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|accessdate=2023-08-08
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}}</ref> The study revealed that ACEs are closely related to adult health problems. ACEs are strongly associated with high-risk health behaviors in adulthood, such as smoking, alcohol and drug abuse, promiscuity, and obesity; and with ill health, including depression, heart and lung disease, cancer, and decreased lifespan.<ref name="felitti1998">{{REFjournal
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  |last=Felitti
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  |init=VJ
 
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  |author-link=
 
  |last2=Anda
 
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  |first2=Robert F.
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  |last3=Nordenberg
 
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  |last4=Williamson
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  |title=Relationship of Childhood Abuse and Household Dysfunction to Many of the Leading Causes of Death in Adults
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  |title=Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study
 
  |trans-title=
 
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  |language=
 
  |language=
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  |journal=Am J of Prev Med
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  |journal= Am J Prev Med
 
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  |date=1998-05
 
  |date=1998-05
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  |volume=14
 
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  |pages=245-58
 
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  |url=https://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797(98)00017-8/pdf
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  |url=https://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797(98)00017-8/fulltext
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  |pubmedID=9635069
 
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  |DOI=https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00017-8
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|doi=
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|accessdate=2023-08-06
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}}</ref>
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==Nervous system injury==
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'''Adverse Childhood Experiences''' (ACEs) harm children's developing brains.<ref>{{REFjournal
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|last=Anand
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|first=
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|init=KJS
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|author-link=
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|last2=Scalzo
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|first2=
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|init2=FM
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|etal=no
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|title=Can Adverse Neonatal Experiences Alter Brain Development and Subsequent Behavior?
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|trans-title=
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|language=
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|journal=Biol Neonate
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|location=
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|date=2000-02
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|season=
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|volume=77
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|issue=2
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|article=
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|page=
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|pages=69-8210657682
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|url=https://www.cirp.org/library/pain/anand4/
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|pubmedID=10657682
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|DOI=10.1159/000014197
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|accessdate=2023-08-06
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}}</ref> Fitzgerald & Walker (2003) described the effect of pain on developing nerve pathways.<ref>{{REFbook
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|last=Fitzgerald
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|first=
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|init=M
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|author-link=
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|last2=Walker
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|year=2003
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|title=The role of activity in developing pain pathways.
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|url=https://www.cirp.org/library/pain/fitzgerald2/
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|work=Proceedings of the 10th World Congress on Pain
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|editor=Dostovsky JO, Carr DB, Koltzenburg M (eds)
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|edition=
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|volume=24
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|chapter=Progress in Pain Research and Management
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|scope=
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|page=
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|pages=185-96
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|location=Seattle
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|publisher=IASP Press
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|ISBN=
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|quote=
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  |accessdate=2023-08-07
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|note=
 
}}</ref>
 
}}</ref>
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They lead to changing how children respond to [http://www.cirp.org/library/pain/gunnar/ stress] and damaging their immune systems so profoundly that the effects show up decades later. ACEs cause much of our chronic disease burden, most mental illness, and are at the root of violence.<ref>{{REFweb
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|url=http://adversechildhoodexperiences.net/about-aces.html
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|title=What Are ACEs?
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|last=
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|first=
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|init=
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|publisher=HCHEQ
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|date=2019
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|accessdate=2023-08-06
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}}</ref>
 +
==Health risks==
 +
ACEs have a dose-response relationship with many health problems. That is, as the number of ACEs accumulates, the greater the health risks to the individual.
 +
 +
ACEs come from the CDC-Kaiser Adverse Childhood Experiences Study, a groundbreaking public health study that discovered that childhood [[trauma]] leads to the adult onset of chronic diseases, depression and other mental illness, violence and being a victim of violence, as well as financial and social problems.<ref name="felitti1998" />
 +
 +
==Classification of genital cutting==
 +
Involuntary childhood genital cutting — including [[female genital mutilation]], gender-norming surgery of [[intersex]] children, and male [[circumcision]] — is [[Pain| painful]] and [[Trauma| traumatic]] and has been found to permanently alter individuals' sexuality, and to have other lifelong consequences.<ref name="bollinger2023">{{REFjournal
 +
|last=Bollinger
 +
|init=D
 +
|author-link=Dan Bollinger
 +
|last2=
 +
|init2=
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|author2-link=
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|url=https://kindredmedia.org/2023/02/adverse-childhood-experiences-dysfunctional-households-and-circumcision/
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|title=Adverse Childhood Experiences, Dysfunctional Households, and Circumcision.
 +
|journal=Kindred
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|date=2023-02-28
 +
|volume=
 +
|issue=
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|pages=
 +
|accessdate=2023-03-01
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}}</ref> These early traumas are not yet included on the ACE checklist.
 +
 +
[[Dan Bollinger| Bollinger]] (2023) reported a preliminary survey comparing [[intact]] and [[circumcised]] men using the ACE test. The [[circumcised]] men had higher ACE scores than the [[intact]] men. Bollinger has called for additional study to determine if male genital cutting (circumcision) should be classified as an Adverse Childhood Experience.<ref name="bollinger2023" />
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{{SEEALSO}}
 
{{SEEALSO}}
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* [[Circumcision and violence]]
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* [[Depression]]
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* [[Post-traumatic stress disorder]]
 
* [[Psychological issues of male circumcision]]
 
* [[Psychological issues of male circumcision]]
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* [[Sudden Infant Death Syndrome]]
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* [[Trauma]]
 
{{LINKS}}
 
{{LINKS}}
 
* [http://adversechildhoodexperiences.net Adverse Childhood Experiences]
 
* [http://adversechildhoodexperiences.net Adverse Childhood Experiences]
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* {{REFweb
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|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/Intactivism/comments/qbpzqr/trained_medical_professionals_restrain_infant_to/
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|archived=
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|title=Trained medical professionals restrain infant to amputate part of its body while baby kicks and screams in pain
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|trans-title=
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|language=
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|last=
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|first=
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|author-link=
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|website=
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|date=
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|accessdate=2023-09-19
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}}
 
{{REF}}
 
{{REF}}
  
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[[Category:Intersex]]
 
[[Category:Intersex]]
 
[[Category:Term]]
 
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[[Category:Psychology]]

Latest revision as of 15:08, 5 April 2024

The Adverse Childhood Experience Study originated with a questionnaire mailed 13,494 adults. The adverse childhood experiences (ACE) studied included psychological, physical, or sexual abuse; violence against mother; or living with household members who were substance abusers, mentally ill or suicidal, or ever imprisoned. The study, which was carried out in the 1990s, did not include infant circumcision.[1] [2] The study revealed that ACEs are closely related to adult health problems. ACEs are strongly associated with high-risk health behaviors in adulthood, such as smoking, alcohol and drug abuse, promiscuity, and obesity; and with ill health, including depression, heart and lung disease, cancer, and decreased lifespan.[3]

Nervous system injury

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) harm children's developing brains.[4] Fitzgerald & Walker (2003) described the effect of pain on developing nerve pathways.[5] They lead to changing how children respond to stress and damaging their immune systems so profoundly that the effects show up decades later. ACEs cause much of our chronic disease burden, most mental illness, and are at the root of violence.[6]

Health risks

ACEs have a dose-response relationship with many health problems. That is, as the number of ACEs accumulates, the greater the health risks to the individual.

ACEs come from the CDC-Kaiser Adverse Childhood Experiences Study, a groundbreaking public health study that discovered that childhood trauma leads to the adult onset of chronic diseases, depression and other mental illness, violence and being a victim of violence, as well as financial and social problems.[3]

Classification of genital cutting

Involuntary childhood genital cutting — including female genital mutilation, gender-norming surgery of intersex children, and male circumcision — is painful and traumatic and has been found to permanently alter individuals' sexuality, and to have other lifelong consequences.[7] These early traumas are not yet included on the ACE checklist.

Bollinger (2023) reported a preliminary survey comparing intact and circumcised men using the ACE test. The circumcised men had higher ACE scores than the intact men. Bollinger has called for additional study to determine if male genital cutting (circumcision) should be classified as an Adverse Childhood Experience.[7]

See also

External links

References

  1. ↑ REFbook van der Kolk, Bessel (2015): Chapter Nine, in: The Body Keeps the score. Pp. 140-3. ISBN 978-0-14-312774-1. Retrieved 7 August 2023.
  2. ↑ REFdocument Bollinger, Dan / Georganne Chapin: Child genital cutting as an adverse childhood experience PDF, Intact America (Tarrytown). (1 August 2019). Retrieved 8 August 2023.
  3. ↑ a b REFjournal Felitti VJ, Anda RF, Nordenberg D, Williamson DF, Spitz AM, Edwards V, Koss MP, Marks JS. Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study. Am J Prev Med. May 1998; 14(4): 245-58. PMID. DOI. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  4. ↑ REFjournal Anand KJS, Scalzo FM. Can Adverse Neonatal Experiences Alter Brain Development and Subsequent Behavior?. Biol Neonate. February 2000; 77(2): 69-8210657682. PMID. DOI. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  5. ↑ REFbook Fitzgerald M, Walker S (2003): Progress in Pain Research and Management, in: The role of activity in developing pain pathways.. Work: Proceedings of the 10th World Congress on Pain. Dostovsky JO, Carr DB, Koltzenburg M (eds) (ed.). Vol. 24. Seattle: IASP Press. Pp. 185-96. Retrieved 7 August 2023.
  6. ↑ REFweb (2019). What Are ACEs?, HCHEQ. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  7. ↑ a b REFjournal Bollinger D. Adverse Childhood Experiences, Dysfunctional Households, and Circumcision.. Kindred. 28 February 2023; Retrieved 1 March 2023.
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