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[[File:Memory and Annie call on UK to lead efforts to bring end to AIDS.jpg|thumb|right|[[HIV]] campaigners, Memory Sachikonye (left) and Lennox (right) meet with the UK's Secretary of State for International Development Andrew Mitchell in December 2011]]
[[File:Memory and Annie call on UK to lead efforts to bring end to AIDS.jpg|thumb|right|[[HIV]] campaigners, Memory Sachikonye (left) and Lennox (right) meet with the UK's Secretary of State for International Development Andrew Mitchell in December 2011]]
'''Annie Lennox''' is a Scottish singer who has lent her support to the circumcision / [[HIV]] message since 2008. In 2010 she appeared as a collaborator at the International AIDS Conference in Vienna. In 2011 she appeared at the [[Hope Rising]] concert in support of the [[Stephen Lewis Foundation]],<ref>{{REFnews
'''Annie Lennox''' is a Scottish singer who has lent her support to the circumcision / [[HIV]] message since 2008. In 2010 she appeared as a collaborator at the International AIDS Conference in Vienna. In 2012 she appeared at the [[Hope Rising]] concert alongside [[Sarah McLachlan]] and [[Angélique Kidjo]]. The [[Hope Rising]] concerts were held in support of the [[Stephen Lewis Foundation]],<ref>{{REFnews
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== Population-based studies ==
{{Population-based studies}}
==Two African surveys==
The previously reported studies were from developed Western nations. Now we have information from Sub_Saharan Africa.


== Population-based studies ==
French scientist [[Michel Garenne]], Ph.D. has published two reports in 2022 comparing the incidence of HIV infection in [[circumcised]] and [[intact]] men.


September 2021 saw the publication of two huge population studies on the relationship of [[circumcision]] and HIV infection:
In his first report, Garenne presented the findings from a study in Lesotho, the enclave in South Africa. He reported:
<blockquote>
In couple studies, the effect of circumcision and VMMC on HIV was not significant, with similar transmission from female to male and male to female. The study questions the amount of effort and money spent on VMMC in Lesotho.<ref name="garenne2022A">{{REFjournal
|last=Garenne
|first=Michel
|init=M
|author-link=Michel Garenne
|title=Changing relationships between HIV prevalence and circumcision in Lesotho
|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35373731/
|date=2022-04-04
|journal=J Biosoc Sci
|volume=online ahead of print
|pages=1-16
|DOI=10.1017/S0021932022000153
|pubmedID=35373731
|accessdate=2022-11-02
}}</ref>
</blockquote>


# Mayan et al. (2021) carried out a massive empirical study of the male population of the province of Ontario, [[Canada]] (569,950 males), of whom 203,588 (35.7%) were [[circumcised]] between 1991 and 2017. The study concluded that circumcision status is not related to risk of HIV infection.<ref name="mayan2021">{{REFjournal
In his second report, Garenne (2022) presented information from six Sub-Saharan African nations (Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe). He reported:
  |last=Mayan
<blockquote>
  |first=Madhur
"Results matched earlier observations made in South Africa that [[circumcised]] and [[intact]] men had similar levels of HIV infection."<ref name="garenne2022B">{{REFjournal
  |last=Garenne
  |first=Michael
  |init=M
  |init=M
  |author-link=
  |author-link=
|last2=Hamilton
|first2=Robert J.
|init2=RJ
|author2-link=
|last3=Juurlink
|first3=David N.
|init3=DN
|author3-link=
|last4=Austin
|first4=Peter C.
|init4=PC
|author4-link=
|last5=Jarvi
|first5=Keith A.
|init5=KA
|author5-link=
  |etal=no
  |etal=no
  |title=Circumcision and Risk of HIV Among Males From Ontario, Canada
  |title=Age-incidence and prevalence of HIV among intact and circumcised men: an analysis of PHIA surveys in Southern Africa
  |journal=J Urol
|trans-title=
  |date=2021-07-02
|language=
  |url=https://www.auajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1097/JU.0000000000002234
  |journal=J Biosoc Sci
  |quote=We found that circumcision was not independently associated with the risk of acquiring HIV among men from Ontario, Canada.
|location=
  |pubmedID=34551593
  |date=2022-10-26
  |DOI=10.1097/JU.0000000000002234
|season=
  |accessdate=2021-10-02
|volume=
}}</ref>
|issue=
# [[Morten Frisch]] & Jacob Simonsen (2021) carried out a large scale empirical population study in [[Denmark]] of 855,654 males regarding the alleged value of male circumcision in preventing HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in men. They found that [[circumcised]] men have a higher rate of STI and HIV infection overall than [[intact]] men.<ref name="frisch2021">{{FrischM SimonsenJ 2021}}</ref>
|article=
 
|page=
No association between lack of circumcision and risk of HIV infection was found by either study.
|pages=1-13
 
  |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-biosocial-science/article/abs/ageincidence-and-prevalence-of-hiv-among-intact-and-circumcised-men-an-analysis-of-phia-surveys-in-southern-africa/CAA7E7BD5A9844F41C6B7CC3573B9E50
|archived=
  |quote=
  |pubmedID=36286328
|pubmedCID=
  |DOI=10.1017/S0021932022000414
  |accessdate=2022-11-02
}}</ref></blockquote>  
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[United Kingdom]]
{{REF}}
{{REF}}


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