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'''Excessive skin removal''' is a frequent [[complication]] of male [[circumcision]]. The [[foreskin]] has many important [httphttps://www.intactaus.org/information/functionsoftheforeskinfunctions-of-the-foreskin/ functions]. One of those functions is to unfold at times when the [[penis]] becomes [[erection| erect]] so as to provide the necessary skin to accommodate the expansion that occurs during erection.

Male circumcision is not a precise operation. There are few, if any, guidelines to direct the surgeon on how much skin should be removed. There is a lot of variation in normal penile anatomy. The surgeon has to guess at how much skin should be removed. <ref name="romberg2021">{{REFbook |last=Romberg |first=Rosemary |init= |author-link=Rosemary Romberg |year=2021 |title=Circumcision — The Painful Dilemma |url=https://circumcisionthepainfuldilemma.wordpress.com/ |work= |editor=[[Ulf Dunkel]] |edition=Second Edition, Revised |volume= |chapter=Excessive skin loss |scope= |page= |pages=280-2 |location= |publisher=Kindle |ISBN=23: 979-8683021252 |quote= |accessdate=2023-08-31 |note=}}</ref> [[Denuded penis]] is a possibility.<ref name="romberg2021" />==Painful erections are a complication of circumcision==If excessive skin is removed, the patient will have tight, painful erections. In extreme cases, there may be insufficient skin remaining to allow the shaft of the [[penis ]] to expand to its full length. Taylor et al. (1996) found that [[circumcision ]] removes about 51 percent of penile [[skin ]] and said "[s]kin and [[mucosa ]] sufficient to cover the penile shaft was frequently missing from the [[circumcised ]] penis." They reported "an estimated shortfall in shaft skin of 20-25%."<ref>{{TaylorJR LockwoodAP TaylorAJ 1996}}</ref>