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Kigozi has been closely associated with the Rakai project to promote male [[circumcision]] as a prophylactic measure against [[HIV]], HPV, and other diseases for many years. The Rakai Project produced one of the [[HIV trials in Africa|three deeply flawed RCTs]].  He has co-authored numerous papers on [[HIV]] and circumcision with [[Aaron Tobian]], [[Ronald H. Gray]], [[Maria Wawer]], and other authors. PubMed names Kigozi as an author of 226 papers, almost all of which promote male circumcision is some way. He is deeply immersed in the promotion of male circumcision.
Kigozi has been closely associated with the Rakai project to promote male [[circumcision]] as a prophylactic measure against [[HIV]], HPV, and other diseases for many years. The Rakai Project produced one of the [[HIV trials in Africa|three deeply flawed RCTs]].  He has co-authored numerous papers on [[HIV]] and circumcision with [[Aaron Tobian]], [[Ronald H. Gray]], [[Maria Wawer]], and other authors. PubMed names Kigozi as an author of 226 papers, almost all of which promote male circumcision is some way. He is deeply immersed in the promotion of male circumcision.


==Population-based studies==
== Population-based studies ==
 
{{Population-based studies}}
September 2021 saw the publication of two huge population studies on the relationship of [[circumcision]] and HIV infection:
 
# Mayan et al. (2021) carried out a massive empirical study of the male population of the province of Ontario, [[Canada]] (569,950 males), of whom 203,588 (35.7%) were [[circumcised]] between 1991 and 2017. The study concluded that circumcision status is not related to risk of HIV infection.<ref name="mayan2021">{{REFjournal
|last=Mayan
|first=Madhur
|init=M
|author-link=
|last2=Hamilton
|first2=Robert J.
|init2=RJ
|author2-link=
|last3=Juurlink
|first3=David N.
|init3=DN
|author3-link=
|last4=Austin
|first4=Peter C.
|init4=PC
|author4-link=
|last5=Jarvi
|first5=Keith A.
|init5=KA
|author5-link=
|etal=no
|title=Circumcision and Risk of HIV Among Males From Ontario, Canada
|journal=J Urol
|date=2021-09-23
|url=https://www.auajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1097/JU.0000000000002234
|quote=We found that circumcision was not independently associated with the risk of acquiring HIV among men from Ontario, Canada.
|pubmedID=34551593
|DOI=10.1097/JU.0000000000002234
|accessdate=2021-10-02
}}</ref>
# [[Morten Frisch]] & Jacob Simonsen (2021) carried out a large scale empirical population study in [[Denmark]] of 855,654 males regarding the alleged value of male circumcision in preventing HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in men. They found that [[circumcised]] men have a higher rate of STI and HIV infection overall than [[intact]] men.<ref name="frisch2021">{{FrischM SimonsenJ 2021}}</ref>
 
No association between lack of circumcision and risk of HIV infection was found by either study.


{{SEEALSO}}
{{SEEALSO}}
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