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| |accessdate=2020-04-03 | | |accessdate=2020-04-03 |
| }}</ref> Ntsuape appears to be a very strong supporter of non-therapeutic male circumcision. | | }}</ref> Ntsuape appears to be a very strong supporter of non-therapeutic male circumcision. |
| ==Population-based studies==
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| September 2021 saw the publication of two huge population studies on the relationship of [[circumcision]] and HIV infection:
| | == Population-based studies == |
| | | {{Population-based studies}} |
| # Mayan et al. (2021) carried out a massive empirical study of the male population of the province of Ontario, [[Canada]] (569,950 males), of whom 203,588 (35.7%) were [[circumcised]] between 1991 and 2017. The study concluded that circumcision status is not related to risk of HIV infection.<ref name="mayan2021">{{REFjournal
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| |last=Mayan
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| |first=Madhur
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| |init=M
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| |author-link=
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| |last2=Hamilton
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| |first2=Robert J.
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| |init2=RJ
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| |author2-link=
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| |last3=Juurlink
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| |first3=David N.
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| |init3=DN
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| |author3-link=
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| |last4=Austin
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| |first4=Peter C.
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| |init4=PC
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| |author4-link=
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| |last5=Jarvi
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| |first5=Keith A.
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| |init5=KA
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| |author5-link=
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| |etal=no
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| |title=Circumcision and Risk of HIV Among Males From Ontario, Canada
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| |journal=J Urol
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| |date=2021-09-23
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| |url=https://www.auajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1097/JU.0000000000002234
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| |quote=We found that circumcision was not independently associated with the risk of acquiring HIV among men from Ontario, Canada.
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| |pubmedID=34551593
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| |DOI=10.1097/JU.0000000000002234
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| |accessdate=2021-10-02
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| }}</ref>
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| # [[Morten Frisch]] & Jacob Simonsen (2021) carried out a large scale empirical population study in [[Denmark]] of 855,654 males regarding the alleged value of male circumcision in preventing HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in men. They found that [[circumcised]] men have a higher rate of STI and HIV infection overall than [[intact]] men.<ref name="frisch2021">{{FrischM SimonsenJ 2021}}</ref>
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| No association between lack of circumcision and risk of HIV infection was found by either study.
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| {{SEEALSO}} | | {{SEEALSO}} |