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== Circumcision in India == | == Circumcision in India == | ||
Circumcision is closely associated with religion in India.<ref name="sahay2014">{{REFjournal | Circumcision is closely associated with the Muslim religion in India.<ref name="sahay2014">{{REFjournal | ||
|last=Sahay | |last=Sahay | ||
|first= | |first= | ||
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|DOI=10.1371/journal.pone.0091213 | |DOI=10.1371/journal.pone.0091213 | ||
|accessdate=2024-07-07 | |accessdate=2024-07-07 | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> The other religions do not circumcise. Non-therapeutic infant [[circumcision]] is not normally done in India except for the Muslims. | ||
Non-therapeutic infant [[circumcision]] is not normally done in India. | |||
===Muslim circumcision=== | ===Muslim circumcision=== | ||
Circumcision marks one as a probable member of the Muslim religious minority.<ref name="sahay2014" /> Although male circumcision is not unlawful, it is not part of the culture or religion of most Indians. In fact, it is viewed with distaste or even horror by most Indians, especially since it is associated with [[Islam| Islamic]] practice.<ref name="sahay2014" /> Sikhism prohibits cutting of the body and Jainism favors non-violence. Hindus, Sikhs, Jains, and others have no desire to appear to be Muslim. The vast majority (86.5%) of males are [[foreskinned]]. | Circumcision marks one as a probable member of the Muslim religious minority.<ref name="sahay2014" /> Although male circumcision is not unlawful, it is not part of the culture or religion of most Indians. In fact, it is viewed with distaste or even horror by most Indians, especially since it is associated with [[Islam| Islamic]] practice.<ref name="sahay2014" /> Sikhism prohibits cutting of the body and Jainism favors non-violence. Hindus, Sikhs, Jains, and others have no desire to appear to be Muslim. The vast majority (86.5%) of males are [[foreskinned]]. | ||
Boys born into the 14.2% Muslim minority of families are usually [[circumcised]] ritually without anaesthesia for the [[pain]] by traditional circumcisors or barbers prior to puberty.<ref name="sahay2014" /> | Boys born into the 14.2% Muslim minority of families are usually [[circumcised]] ritually without anaesthesia for the [[pain]] by traditional circumcisors or barbers prior to puberty.<ref name="sahay2014" /> | ||
===Medical circumcision=== | ===Medical circumcision=== | ||
Circumcision for medical indications is also practiced. There are urologists who advertise and promote their services. It is not clear that Indian urologists offer conservative prepuce-preserving treatment of [[foreskin]] conditions to [[intact]] Indian men. The Urological Society of India does not offer guidelines on the conservative prepuce-preserving treatment of [[phimosis]].<ref name="usi2024">{{REFweb | Circumcision of adult male for medical indications is also practiced. There are urologists who advertise and promote their services. It is not clear that Indian urologists offer conservative prepuce-preserving treatment of [[foreskin]] conditions to [[intact]] Indian men. The Urological Society of India does not offer guidelines on the conservative prepuce-preserving treatment of [[phimosis]].<ref name="usi2024">{{REFweb | ||
|url=https://usi.org.in/index.php | |url=https://usi.org.in/index.php | ||
|title=Urological Society of India | |title=Urological Society of India | ||