India: Difference between revisions
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'''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''', more formally known as the '''Republic of India''', is the world's most populous nation with an estimated population numbering 1 billion, 428 million inhabitants. | '''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''', more formally known as the '''Republic of India''', is the world's most populous nation with an estimated population numbering 1 billion, 428 million inhabitants. | ||
==Religious matters== | == Religious matters == | ||
India has a long and rich religious history. Four major religions — Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism, and Sikhism — originated in India. Others, including Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Islamism, have been imported. The Hindus are the largest group with 72 percent. The Muslims are the second largest with 14.2 percent. | India has a long and rich religious history. Four major religions — Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism, and Sikhism — originated in India. Others, including Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Islamism, have been imported. The Hindus are the largest group with 72 percent. The Muslims are the second largest with 14.2 percent. | ||
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Hindus, Sikhs, and adherents to other religions would be protected from most of the Muslims who were now in a separate nation. Pakistan now has 241.5 million Muslims and Bangladesh now has 169 million Muslims for a total of 410.5 million who have been removed from India and who cannot conveniently prey upon the non-Muslim citizens of India. The residual 14.2% Muslim population of India is now constitutes only about 172,000,000.<ref>{{URLwikipedia|Religion_in_India|Religion in India}}</ref> | Hindus, Sikhs, and adherents to other religions would be protected from most of the Muslims who were now in a separate nation. Pakistan now has 241.5 million Muslims and Bangladesh now has 169 million Muslims for a total of 410.5 million who have been removed from India and who cannot conveniently prey upon the non-Muslim citizens of India. The residual 14.2% Muslim population of India is now constitutes only about 172,000,000.<ref>{{URLwikipedia|Religion_in_India|Religion in India}}</ref> | ||
The partition caused a mass migration with Muslims moving from India into Pakistan and non-Muslims moving from Pakistan into India. Muslims continued to conduct forced circumcisions at this time.<ref name="fcirc" /> | The partition caused a mass migration with Muslims moving from India into Pakistan and non-Muslims moving from Pakistan into India. Muslims continued to conduct forced circumcisions at this time.<ref name="fcirc"/> | ||
==Medical science== | == Medical science == | ||
Medical science is highly advanced in India. | Medical science is highly advanced in India. | ||
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}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
==A new surgical technique from India== | == A new surgical technique from India == | ||
Gupta, Mehta, & Gupta (2021), working in India, have described a new surgical technique to provide coverage of the [[glans penis]] at all times, including tumescent, for men who were involuntarily [[circumcised]] in childhood or who had a congenitally short prepuce ([[foreskin]]). The procedure has been performed on 46 patients with apparent complete success, although penetrating sexual performance has not been evaluated.<ref name="gupta2021">{{REFjournal | Gupta, Mehta, & Gupta (2021), working in India, have described a new surgical technique to provide coverage of the [[glans penis]] at all times, including tumescent, for men who were involuntarily [[circumcised]] in childhood or who had a congenitally short prepuce ([[foreskin]]). The procedure has been performed on 46 patients with apparent complete success, although penetrating sexual performance has not been evaluated.<ref name="gupta2021">{{REFjournal | ||
|last=Gupta | |last=Gupta | ||
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|accessdate=2024-07-07 | |accessdate=2024-07-07 | ||
}}</ref> The other religions do not circumcise. Non-therapeutic infant [[circumcision]] is not normally done in India except for the Muslims. | }}</ref> The other religions do not circumcise. Non-therapeutic infant [[circumcision]] is not normally done in India except for the Muslims. | ||
===Muslim circumcision=== | |||
=== Muslim circumcision === | |||
Circumcision marks one as a probable member of the Muslim religious minority.<ref name="sahay2014" /> Although male circumcision is not unlawful, it is not part of the culture or religion of most Indians. In fact, it is viewed with distaste or even horror by most Indians, especially since it is associated with [[Islam| Islamic]] practice.<ref name="sahay2014" /> Sikhism prohibits cutting of the body and Jainism favors non-violence. Hindus, Sikhs, Jains, and others have no desire to appear to be Muslim. The vast majority (86.5%) of males are [[foreskinned]]. | Circumcision marks one as a probable member of the Muslim religious minority.<ref name="sahay2014" /> Although male circumcision is not unlawful, it is not part of the culture or religion of most Indians. In fact, it is viewed with distaste or even horror by most Indians, especially since it is associated with [[Islam| Islamic]] practice.<ref name="sahay2014" /> Sikhism prohibits cutting of the body and Jainism favors non-violence. Hindus, Sikhs, Jains, and others have no desire to appear to be Muslim. The vast majority (86.5%) of males are [[foreskinned]]. | ||
Boys born into the 14.2% Muslim minority of families are usually [[circumcised]] ritually without anaesthesia for the [[pain]] by traditional circumcisors or barbers prior to puberty.<ref name="sahay2014" /> | Boys born into the 14.2% Muslim minority of families are usually [[circumcised]] ritually without anaesthesia for the [[pain]] by traditional circumcisors or barbers prior to puberty.<ref name="sahay2014"/> | ||
===Medical circumcision=== | === Medical circumcision === | ||
Circumcision of adult male for medical indications is also practiced. There are urologists who advertise and promote their services. It is not clear that Indian urologists offer conservative prepuce-preserving treatment of [[foreskin]] conditions to [[intact]] Indian men. The Urological Society of India does not offer guidelines on the conservative prepuce-preserving treatment of [[phimosis]].<ref name="usi2024">{{REFweb | Circumcision of adult male for medical indications is also practiced. There are urologists who advertise and promote their services. It is not clear that Indian urologists offer conservative prepuce-preserving treatment of [[foreskin]] conditions to [[intact]] Indian men. The Urological Society of India does not offer guidelines on the conservative prepuce-preserving treatment of [[phimosis]].<ref name="usi2024">{{REFweb | ||
|url=https://usi.org.in/index.php | |url=https://usi.org.in/index.php | ||
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|note= | |note= | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
==Video== | |||
== Video == | |||
This video for adults only illustrates the popularity of the [[foreskin]] in India. | This video for adults only illustrates the popularity of the [[foreskin]] in India. | ||
{{NSFW}} | {{NSFW}} | ||
=== Indian Rolls Up His Foreskin WMV === | |||
<youtube>v=s4ZfdCqCPuc</youtube> | <youtube>v=s4ZfdCqCPuc</youtube> | ||
{{SEEALSO}} | {{SEEALSO}} | ||
* [[A Pinch of Skin]] | * [[A Pinch of Skin]] | ||
* [[Khafz]] | * [[Khafz]] | ||
{{LINKS}} | {{LINKS}} | ||
* {{URLwikipedia|India|India|2019-09-15}} | * {{URLwikipedia|India|India|2019-09-15}} | ||
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[[Category:Male circumcision]] | [[Category:Male circumcision]] | ||
[[Category:Statistics]] | [[Category:Statistics]] | ||
[[de:Indien]] | |||