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→Psychological issues: Add text and citation.
==Psychological issues==
Tuli was introduced into the Philippine Islands hundreds of years ago, when the Islands were controlled by Muslims. Every since adult [[circumcised]] men have reenacted their own [[trauma]] on boys as reported by Vanderkolk.<ref name="vanderkolk1989">{{VanderKolkBA 1989}}</ref>
Boyle & Ramos (2019) studied boys in the Philippine Islands who had undergone medical circumcision and others who had suffered the traditional "''tuli''" circumcision. Of the boys who had a medical circumcision, 51 percent exhibited symptoms of [[PTSD]]. Of the boys who had a ''tuli'' circumcision, 69 percent exhibited symptoms of PTSD.<ref name="ramos2019">{{REFjournal