Medical literature about foreskin restoration

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This page collects and indexes medical literature about foreskin restoration. This page does not include material from ancient times.

Introduction

Foreskin restoration may be done surgically or non-surgically by tissue expansion. Also, foreskin regeneration is under development.

Relatively little medical literature regarding foreskin restoration for circumcised men exists. The reasons for this are two-fold.

• Foreskin restoration embarrasses and discredits the circumcision industry as it tries to make as much money as it can from genital mutilation of boys.
• Most of the development of non-surgical foreskin restoration has been done by non-medical people.

Surgical foreskin restoration

Surgical foreskin restoration was developed earlier than non-surgical foreskin restoration.

Articles

• Penn J. Penile Reform. Br J Plast Surg. July 1963; 16: 287-8. PMID. DOI. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
• Tushmet L. Uncircumcision. Medical Times. June 1965; 93: 588-93. PMID. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
• Levin S. Letter: Circumcision and uncircumcision. S Afr Med J. 5 June 1976; 50(24): 913. PMID. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
• Greer DM, Mohl PC, Sheley KA. A Technique for Foreskin Reconstruction and Some Preliminary Results. The Journal of Sex Research. November 1982; 18(4): 324-30. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
• Goodwin WE. Uncircumcision: a technique for plastic reconstruction of a prepuce after circumcision. J Urol. November 1990; 144(5): 1203-05. PMID. DOI. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
• Lynch MJ, Pryor JP. Uncircumcision: a one-stage procedure. Br J Urol. August 1993; 72(2): 257-8. PMID. DOI. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
• Schultheiss D, Truss MC, Stieff CG, Jonas U. Uncircumcision: a historical review of preputial restoration. Plast Reconstr Surg. June 1998; 101(7): 1990-8. PMID. DOI. Retrieved 13 June 2024.

Non-surgical foreskin restoration

Non-surgical foreskin restoration is accomplished by stimulating mitosis in the residual tissue to cause tissue expansion.

Articles

• Neumann CG. The expansion of an area of skin by progressive distention of a subcutaneous balloon; use of the method for securing skin for subtotal reconstruction of the ear. Plastic Reconstructive Surgery. February 1957; 19(2): 124-30. PMID. DOI. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
• Radovan C. Tissue expansion in soft-tissue reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg. October 1984; 74(4): 482-92. PMID. DOI. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
• Johnson TM, Lowe L, Brown MD, Sullivan MJ, Nelson BR. Histology and physiology of tissue expansion. J Dermatol Surg Oncol. December 1993; 19(12): 1074-8. PMID. DOI. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
• Bigelow J. Uncircumcising: undoing the effects of an ancient practice in a modern world. Mothering. 1994; Summer: 121-124. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
• Brandes SB, Mcaninch. Surgical methods of restoring the prepuce: a critical review. BJU Int. January 1999; 83 Suppl 1: 109-13. PMID. DOI. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
• Collier R. Whole again: the practice of foreskin restoration. CMAJ. 13 December 2011; 183(18): 2019-23. PMID. PMC. DOI. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
• Timmermans FW, Mokken SE, Poor Toulabi SCZ, et al. A review on the history of and treatment options for foreskin reconstruction after circumcision . Int J Impot Res. 14 April 2021; PMID. DOI. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
  Quote: Nonsurgical methods of reconstruction are rarely mentioned in literature. Nonetheless, nonsurgical methods, such as manual stretching and device-assisted tissue expansion, are commonplace among those who pursue foreskin reconstruction. Although the nonsurgical methods have yielded good results with minimal adverse effects, no proper medical research has been performed to quantify these outcomes.

Foreskin regeneration

Foreskin regeneration is a relatively new and experimental procedure, which Foregen is attempting to develop. The publications to date has ve been limited. The available articles report on the development of a procedure, not the actual performance of foreskin regeneration, which has not been done as of June 2024.

Articles

• Purpura V, Bondioli E, Cunningham EC, et al. The development of a decellularized extracellular matrix–based biomaterial scaffold derived from human foreskin for the purpose of foreskin reconstruction in circumcised males. J Tissue Eng. 22 December 2018; PMID. PMC. DOI. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
• Novotna O, Varchulova Novakova, Z, Galfiova P, Lorencova M, Klein M, Žiaran S, Kuniakova M. Decellularization techniques of human foreskin for tissue engineering application . Physiol Res. 27 October 2023; 72(S3): S287-S297. PMID. PMC. DOI. Retrieved 14 June 2024.