Changes

Dr. '''Rebeca M. Plank''' is a Harvard researcher who was involved in three studies, sponsored by the [https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/ Harvard School of Public Health] and [[Daniel Halperin]].

Out of the 153 babies [[circumcised ]] with Mogen clamp, one died before followup. Two of the babies circumcised with [[Plastibell]] died before follow up.<ref>{{REFweb

}}</ref> These deaths are not mentioned in the abstract of the trial. In a letter to JAIDS ''Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes'', Plank explains that the two babies who were circumcised with [[Plastibell]] and later died, died several weeks after the procedure from gastroenteritis. The baby circumcised with Mogen clamp died within 24 hours of the procedure of suspected sepsis, however the researcher does not think this was a consequence of the procedure, even though [[infection]] and sepsis are possible consequences of [[circumcision]]. No autopsy was performed.<ref>{{REFweb

|last=Plank |first=Rebeca

* [http://www{{REFjournal |last=Plank |first=Rebeca M.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19924526 " |init=RM |author-link=Rebeca Plank |last2=Makhema |first2=Joseph |init2=J |author2-link= |last3=Kebaabetswe |first3=Poloko |init3=P |author3-link= |etal=yes |title=Acceptability of Infant Male Circumcision infant male circumcision as Part part of HIV Prevention prevention and Male Reproductive Health Efforts male reproductive health efforts in Gaborone, Botswana, and Surrounding Areas"] (surrounding areas |journal=AIDS Behav |date=2010)-10 |volume=14 |issue=5 |pages=1198-202* [http |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedpmc/articles/PMC2894259/21437725 " |pubmedID=19924526 |pubmedCID=2894259 |DOI=2894259 |accessdate=2022-07-11}}* {{REFjournal |last=Jayeoba |first= |init=O |author-link= |last2=Dreyden-Peterson |first2= |init2=S |author2-link= |last3=Okui |first3= |init3=L |author3-link= |last4=Plank |first4=Rebeca M. |init4=RM |author4-link=Rebeca Plank |etal=yes |title=Acceptability of Male Circumcision Among Adolescent Boys male circumcision among adolescent boys and their Parentsparents, Botswana"] ( |journal=AIDS Behav |volume=16 |issue=2 |date=2012)-02 |pages=340-9* [http |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedpmc/articles/PMC3951752/ |pubmedID=21437725 |pubmedCID=3951752 |DOI=10.1007/23314413 "s10461-011-9929-7 |accessdate=2022-07-11}}* {{REFjournal |last=Plank |first=Rebeca M. |init=RM |author-link=Rebeca Plank |etal=yes |title=A randomized trial of Mogen clamp versus Plastibell for neonatal male circumcision in Botswana |journal=J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr |date=2013-04-15 |volume=62 |issue=5 |pages=e131-7 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3683122/ |pubmedID=23314413 |pubmedCID=3683122 |DOI=10.1097/QAI.0b013e318285d449 |accessdate=2022-07-11}} == Population-based studies =={{Population-based studies}} ==Two African surveys==The previously reported studies were from developed Western nations. Now we have information from Sub_Saharan Africa. French scientist [[Michel Garenne]], Ph.D. has published two reports in 2022 comparing the incidence of HIV infection in [[circumcised]] and [[intact]] men. In his first report, Garenne presented the findings from a study in Lesotho, the enclave in South Africa. He reported:<blockquote>In couple studies, the effect of circumcision and VMMC on HIV was not significant, with similar transmission from female to male and male to female. The study questions the amount of effort and money spent on VMMC in Lesotho.<ref name="garenne2022A"] >{{REFjournal |last=Garenne |first=Michel |init=M |author-link=Michel Garenne |title=Changing relationships between HIV prevalence and circumcision in Lesotho |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35373731/ |date=2022-04-04 |journal=J Biosoc Sci |volume=online ahead of print |pages=1-16 |DOI=10.1017/S0021932022000153 |pubmedID=35373731 |accessdate=2022-11-05}}</ref> </blockquote>  In his second report, Garenne (2022) presented information from six Sub-Saharan African nations (2013Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe). He reported:<blockquote> "Results matched earlier observations made in South Africa that [[circumcised]] and [[intact]] men had similar levels of HIV infection."<ref name="garenne2022B">{{REFjournal |last=Garenne |first=Michael |init=M |author-link= |etal=no |title=Age-incidence and prevalence of HIV among intact and circumcised men: an analysis of PHIA surveys in Southern Africa |trans-title= |language= |journal=J Biosoc Sci |location= |date=2022-10-26 |season= |volume= |issue= |article= |page= |pages=1-13 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-biosocial-science/article/abs/ageincidence-and-prevalence-of-hiv-among-intact-and-circumcised-men-an-analysis-of-phia-surveys-in-southern-africa/CAA7E7BD5A9844F41C6B7CC3573B9E50 |archived= |quote= |pubmedID=36286328 |pubmedCID= |DOI=10.1017/S0021932022000414 |accessdate=2022-11-05}}</ref></blockquote>

* Ripe Tomatoes - [{{REFweb |title=Boston/Botswana circumcision trial |url=http://ripe-tomato.org/2013/03/30/bostonbotswana-circumcision-trial/ |archived= |trans-title= |language= |last=Thornton |first=Jim |author-link= |publisher= |website=Ripe Tomatoes |date=2013-03-30 |accessdate=2022-07-11 |format= |quote=}}* {{REFweb |title=Boston/Botswana circumcision trial]Part 2* Ripe Tomatoes - [ |url=http://ripe-tomato.org/2013/03/31/bostonbotswana-circumcision-trial-2/ |archived= |trans-title= |language= |last=Thornton |first=Jim |author-link= |publisher= |website=Ripe Tomatoes |date=2013-03-31 |accessdate=2022-07-11 |format= |quote=}}* {{REFweb |title=Boston/Botswana circumcision circ. trial Part 2]update* Ripe Tomatoes - [ |url=http://ripe-tomato.org/2013/10/11/bostonbotswana-circ-trial-update/ Boston/Botswana circ. trial update] |archived= |trans-title= |language= |last=Thornton |first=Jim |author-link= |publisher= |website=Ripe Tomatoes |date=2013-10-11 |accessdate=2022-07-11 |format= |quote=}}* Don't Get Stuck With [[HIV]] - [{{REFweb |title=Do medical researchers in Africa protect babies? Maybe not always |url=http://dontgetstuck.wordpress.com/2013/10/26/do-medical-researchers-in-africa-protect-babies-maybe-not-always/ Do medical researchers in Africa protect babies? Maybe not always] |archived= |trans-title= |language= |last=Gisselquist |first=David |author-link=David Gisselquist |publisher=Bloodborne HIV: Don't Get Stuck |website= |date=2013-10-26 |accessdate=2022-07-11 |format= |quote=}}