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[[Image:Thomas_Frieden.jpg|right|thumb|Thomas R. Frieden]]
[[Image:Thomas_Frieden.jpg|right|thumb|Thomas R. Frieden]]
Dr. '''Thomas R. Frieden''', {{MD}}, {{MPH}}, is the current director of the U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control]] and Prevention (CDC) and Administrator of the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). He was New York City Health Commissioner from 2002–2009.<ref>{{REFweb
Dr. '''Thomas R. Frieden''', {{MD}}, {{MPH}}, is the former director of the U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) and Administrator of the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). He was New York City Health Commissioner from 2002–2009.<ref>{{REFweb
  |quote=
  |quote=
  |url=http://www.cdc.gov/about/leadership/leaders/Frieden.htm
  |url=http://www.cdc.gov/about/leadership/leaders/Frieden.htm
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  |date=
  |date=
  |accessdate=2011-04-24
  |accessdate=2011-04-24
}}</ref> As Health Commissioner of New York City, Frieden tried to promote circumcision as a way to prevent [[HIV]] in homosexual males.<ref>{{REFjournal
}}</ref> As Health Commissioner of New York City, Frieden tried to promote [[circumcision]] as a way to prevent [[HIV]] in homosexual males.<ref>{{REFjournal
  |last=McNeil
  |last=McNeil
  |first=Donald
  |first=Donald
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}}</ref> He cited the latest African trials and tried to advocate circumcision as [[HIV]] prevention policy in general.
}}</ref> He cited the latest African trials and tried to advocate circumcision as [[HIV]] prevention policy in general.


== [[Metzitzah b'peh]] [[herpes]] cases ==
== Metzitzah b'peh herpes cases ==
In 2005, a circumcision ritual practiced by some Orthodox Jews alarmed city health officials, after it led to three cases of [[herpes]] - one of them fatal.<ref name='commish-letter'/>
In 2005, a [[Metzitzah b'peh| circumcision ritual]]practiced by some Orthodox Jews alarmed city health officials, after it led to three cases of [[herpes]] — one of them fatal.<ref name='commish-letter'/>


[[Image:Metzitzah b peh.gif]]
[[Image:Metzitzah b peh.gif]]


The New York City Health Commissioner at the time, [[Thomas R. Frieden]], wrote a letter to the Jewish community pardoning the ''mohel'' involved and dropped the matter as not being a New York City public health issue by stating that "[it] is our preference for the religious community to address these issues itself."<ref name='commish-letter'>{{REFnews
The New York City Health Commissioner at the time, [[Thomas R. Frieden]], wrote a letter to the Jewish community pardoning the [[Yitzhok Fischer| ''mohel'' involved]] and dropped the matter as not being a New York City public health issue by stating that "[it] is our preference for the religious community to address these issues itself."<ref name='commish-letter'>{{REFnews
  |last=Frieden
  |last=Frieden
  |first=Thomas R.
  |first=Thomas R.
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  |publisher=
  |publisher=
  |work=
  |work=
  |date=
  |date=2005-09-21
  |accessdate=
  |accessdate=2022-06-25
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


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}}
}}


Thomas did make a number of recommendations, including the recommendation that the ''[[mohel]]'' place a glass tube or a glass tube attached to a rubber bulb around the infant's penis before suction so as not to allow the lips of the ''[[mohel]]'' to come in direct contact with the child's bleeding penis. However, since a ban was not to be placed, and since "some religious authorities consider metzitzah b’peh the only acceptable way to draw blood", he encouraged parents to "weigh the risks of [[Metzitzah b'peh|metzitzah b’peh]]" before choosing it over alternatives.<ref name='commish-letter'/>
Thomas did make a number of recommendations, including the recommendation that the ''[[mohel]]'' place a glass tube or a glass tube attached to a rubber bulb around the infant's [[penis]] before suction so as not to allow the lips of the ''[[mohel]]'' to come in direct contact with the child's [[bleeding]] penis. However, since a ban was not to be placed, and since "some religious authorities consider metzitzah b’peh the only acceptable way to draw blood", he encouraged parents to "weigh the risks of [[Metzitzah b'peh|metzitzah b’peh]]" before choosing it over alternatives.<ref name='commish-letter'/>
 
Frieden failed, however, to consider the right of the child to physical integrity, the rights of the child under international [[human rights]] laws or the limitations on consent of parents to non-therapeutic surgery on minor children.


Frieden failed, however, to consider the right of the child to [[physical integrity]], the rights of the child under international [[human rights]] laws or the limitations on consent of parents to non-therapeutic surgery on minor children.<ref name="myers2020">{{REFjournal
|last=Myers
|first=
|init=A
|author-link=Alex Myers
|last2=Earp
|first2=
|init2=BD
|author2-link=Brian D. Earp
|etal=no
|title=What is the best age to circumcise? A medical and ethical analysis
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal= Bioethics
|location=
|date=2020
|volume=34
|issue=7
|pages=645-63
|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Brian-Earp-2/publication/337720859_What_Is_the_Best_Age_to_Circumcise_A_Medical_and_Ethical_Analysis/links/5f815f61a6fdccfd7b555395/What-Is-the-Best-Age-to-Circumcise-A-Medical-and-Ethical-Analysis.pdf
|archived=
|quote=Based on a careful consideration of the relevant evidence, arguments and counterarguments, we conclude that medically unnecessary penile circumcision-like other medically unnecessary genital procedures, such as 'cosmetic' labiaplasty-should not be performed on individuals who are too young (or otherwise unable) to provide meaningful consent to the procedure.
|pubmedID=32068898
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=
|doi=10.1111/bioe.12714
|format=PDF
|accessdate=2023-12-24
}}</ref>
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Brit Milah]]
* [[HIV]]
* [[Human rights]]
* [[Metzitzah b'peh]]
* [[United States of America]]
{{ABBR}}
{{ABBR}}
{{REF}}
{{REF}}
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[[Category:Physician]]
[[Category:Physician]]
[[Category:Jewish]]
[[Category:Lawsuit]]


[[Category:Lawsuit]]
[[Category:USA]]


[[Category:From CircLeaks]]
[[Category:From CircLeaks]]
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