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A '''''mohel''''' (Hebrew מוֹהֵל moˈhel, Ashkenazi pronunciation ˈmɔɪ.əl, plural: מוֹהֲלִים ''mohalim'' mo.haˈlim, מוֹהֲלָא ''mohala'', "circumciser") is a Jewish person trained in the practice of ''[[Brit Milah|brit milah]]'', the "covenant of [[circumcision]]."
A '''''mohel''''' (Hebrew מוֹהֵל moˈhel, Ashkenazi pronunciation ˈmɔɪ.əl, plural: מוֹהֲלִים ''mohalim'' mo.haˈlim, מוֹהֲלָא ''mohala'', "circumciser") is a Jewish person trained in the practice of ''[[Brit Milah|brit milah]]'', the "covenant of [[circumcision]]."


Under Jewish law, a mohel must draw blood from the circumcision wound. Most mohels do it by hand with a suction device, but some Orthodox groups use their mouth to draw blood after cutting the foreskin.<ref>Hartog, Kelly. [http://www.jewishjournal.com/community_briefs/article/death_spotlights_old_circumcision_rite_20050218 Death spotlights old circumcision rite], JewishJournal.com, 17 February 2005 Retrieved 2 February 2015</ref> <ref>[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6898403/ Rabbi probed for circumcised infants' herpes], nbcnews.com, 2 February 2005 Retrieved 2 February 2015</ref> <ref>Distel R, Hofer V, Bogger-Goren S, Shalit I, Garty BZ. "Primary genital herpes simplex infection associated with Jewish ritual circumcision". ''Isr Med Assoc J'' 2003;5:893–4, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14689764</ref> <ref>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23680909Penile herpes simplex virus type 1 infection presenting two and a half years after Jewish ritual circumcision of an infant]. ''Sex Transm Dis''. 2013 Jun;40(6):516-7. </ref> The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued a warning in 2012 about the health implications of this practice, citing 11 cases of neonatal HSV and two recorded fatalities.<ref>[http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6122a2.htm CDC: Neonatal HSV Infection from Circumcision-Related Orogenital Suction] Baum SG: ''Morb Mortal Wkly Rep'' 2012 Jun 8; 61: see page 405–409. Retrieved 2 February 2015.</ref>
Under Jewish law, a mohel must draw blood from the circumcision wound. Most mohels do it by hand with a suction device, but some Orthodox groups use their mouth to draw blood after cutting the foreskin.<ref>{{REFjournal
A 2013 review of cases of neonatal [[Herpes simplex virus|HSV]] infections in Israel identified ritual circumcision as the source of HSV-1 transmission in 31.8% of the cases.<ref>Amir Koren, ''et al''. [http://failedmessiah.typepad.com/files/herpes-simplex-neonates-israel-7-cases-8-years-koren_nhsv_infections_israel_pid_2013.pdf (PDF) Neonatal Herpes Simplex virus infections in Israel] ''Pediatr Infect Dis J''. 2013 32:120-123 Retrieved 2 February 2015.</ref>
|last=Hartog
|first=Kelly
|init=K
|url=http://www.jewishjournal.com/community_briefs/article/death_spotlights_old_circumcision_rite_20050218
|title=Death spotlights old circumcision rite
|journal=JewishJournal.com
|date=2005-02-17
|accessdate=2015-02-02
}}</ref><ref>{{REFweb
|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6898403/
|title=Rabbi probed for circumcised infants' herpes
|publisher=nbcnews.com
|date=2005-02-02
|accessdate=2015-02-02
}}</ref>
 
Holt (1913) reported tubercular ''mohels'' were transmitting tuberculosis to infant boys.<ref name="holt1913">{{REFjournal
|last=Holt
|init=LE
|author-link=L. Emmett Holt
|title=Tuberculosis acquired through ritual circumcision
|journal=JAMA
|date=1913-07-12
|volume=61
|issue=2
|pages=99-102
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/complications/holt1/
|DOI=10.1001/jama.1913.0435002002501
|accessdate=2019-10-28
}}</ref>
 
The ancient practice (called ''[[Metzitzah b'peh]]'') infects baby boys with herpes.<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Distel
|init=R
|last2=Hofer
|init2=V
|last3=Bogger-Goren
|init3=S
|last4=Shalit
|init4=I
|last5=Garty
|init5=BZ
|title=Primary genital herpes simplex infection associated with Jewish ritual circumcision
|journal=Isr Med Assoc J
|date=2003
|volume=5
|pages=893–894
|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14689764
|pubmedID=14689764
|accessdate=2019-10-25
}}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal
|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23680909
|title=Penile herpes simplex virus type 1 infection presenting two and a half years after Jewish ritual circumcision of an infant
|journal=Sex Transm Dis
|date=2013 Jun
|volume=40
|issue=6
|pages=516-517
|accessdate=2019-10-25
}}</ref> The [https://www.cdc.gov/ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention] issued a warning in 2012 about the health implications of this practice, citing 11 cases of neonatal HSV and two recorded [[fatalities]].<ref>{{REFjournal
|url=http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6122a2.htm
|title=Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Infection Following Jewish Ritual Circumcisions that Included Direct Orogenital Suction — New York City, 2000–2011
|publisher=CDC
|last=Baum
|init=SG
|journal=Morb Mortal Wkly Rep
|date=2012-06-08
|volume=61
|pages=405–409
|accessdate=2019-10-25
}}</ref>
 
A 2013 review of cases of neonatal [[Herpes]] infections in [[Israel]] identified ritual circumcision as the source of HSV-1 transmission in 31.8% of the cases.<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Koren
|first=Amir
|init=A
|etal=yes
|url=http://failedmessiah.typepad.com/files/herpes-simplex-neonates-israel-7-cases-8-years-koren_nhsv_infections_israel_pid_2013.pdf
|format=PDF
|title=Neonatal Herpes Simplex virus infections in Israel
|journal=Pediatr Infect Dis J
|date=2013
|volume=32
|pages=120-123
|accessdate=2019-10-25
}}</ref>
 
[[Urinary tract infection]] (UTI) is associated with ritual circumcision by a ''mohel''.<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Amir
|init=J
|etal=yes
|url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/article-abstract/513140
|title=Circumcision and Urinary Tract Infections in Infants
|journal=Am J Dis Child
|date=1986
|volume=140
|page=1092
}}</ref>
 
Four New York baby boys have contracted ''herpes'' from the ''mohel'' in six months.<ref>{{REFnews
|title=4 NY babies get herpes from Jewish circumcision rite in past 6 months
|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/4-ny-babies-get-herpes-from-jewish-circumcision-rite-in-past-6-months/?fbclid=IwAR0Q8OYtpB_YUekqB2yktzIUlwc4DdceAnQQ2-SR8aKz71lFYtWCsWCjsck
|last=Oster
|first=Marcy
|coauthors=
|publisher=The Times of Israel
|website=
|date=2020-02-20
|accessdate=2020-04-12
|quote=
}}</ref>
 
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
==Pain==
[[EMLA]] cream topical anesthetic may be purchased without a prescription. [[EMLA]] is almost completely ineffective against the [[pain]] of circumcision,<ref name="lander1997">{{LanderJ etal 1997}}</ref> however it reputedly is popular with ''mohelim''.


{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Abrahamic covenant]]
* [[Brit Milah]]
* [[Metzitzah b'peh]]
* [[Yitzhok Fischer]]
* [[Hershel Goldman]]
{{REF}}
{{REF}}
[[Category:Jewish]]
[[Category:Jewish]]
[[Category:Mohel]]
[[Category:Mohel]]
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