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''From the English [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brit_milah Wikipedia]:''
''From the English [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brit_milah Wikipedia]:''
The '''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' is the first part of the Jewish ritual circumcision procedure. It is supposedly required by the [[Abrahamic covenant]], which is found in Genesis 17, however this chapter has been questioned and debunked by a Jewish scholar.<ref name="glick2005">{{REFbook
|last=Glick
|first=Leonard B.
|init=LB
|author-link=Leonard B. Glick
|year=2005
|title=Marked in Your Flesh: Circumcision from Ancient Judea to Modern America
|edition=1st
|chapter=Chapter One
|pages=15-18
|publisher={{UNI|Oxford University|Oxon}} Press
|isbn=9780195176742
|accessdate=2020-03-02
|note=
}}</ref>
<blockquote>
The '''''brit milah''''' (Hebrew: בְּרִית מִילָה; Ashkenazi pronunciation: bʁis ˈmilə, "covenant of [[circumcision]]"; Yiddish pronunciation: ''bris'' (bʀɪs)) is a Jewish religious male circumcision ceremony performed by a ''[[mohel]]'' on the eighth day of a male infant's life, as required by the [[Abrahamic covenant]] and the Halacha. The ''brit milah'' is followed by a celebratory meal.
</blockquote>
A boy born to a Jewish mother is a Jew without regard to his circumcision status.


The Christian elders, meeting at the [[Council at Jerusalem]] in about 49 A.D. rejected Brit Milah as a Christian practice, however it remains a Jewish practice.
==Description==
[[James Peron]] reported:
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
The '''''brit milah''''' (Hebrew: בְּרִית מִילָה; Ashkenazi pronunciation: bʁis ˈmilə, "covenant of [[circumcision]]"; Yiddish pronunciation: ''bris'' (bʀɪs)) is a Jewish religious male [[circumcision ceremony]] performed by a ''[[mohel]]'' on the eighth day of a male infant's life. The ''brit milah'' is followed by a celebratory meal.
The original Biblical circumcision of Abraham's time was a relatively minor ritual circumcision procedure in which only the redundant end of the [[foreskin]] extending beyond the tip of the [[glans]] was removed. This was called "Milah". It is from this term that the Jewish Religious Covenant circumcision ritual Bris Milah or Brith Milah got its name.<ref name="peron2000">{{REFjournal
|last=Peron
|init=JE
|author-link=James Peron
|url=https://cirp.org/library/history/peron2/
|title=Circumcision: then and now
|journal=Many Blessings
|date=2000
|season=Spring
|volume=III
|issue=
|pages=41-2
|accessdate=2023-08-25
}}</ref>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
Brit Milah is performed by a ''[[mohel]]''.
==Risks==
==Risks==
Medical science has identified several risks associated with Brit Milah.
Medical science has identified several risks associated with Brit Milah. Brit Milah is a surgical operation and, like all surgical operations, has the risks of [[infection]], [[bleeding]], and surgical misadventure, up to and including loss of the [[penis]] and [[death]].


Professor [[L. Emmett Holt]] (1913) reported 41 cases of tuberculosis in ritually circumcised boys who had been infected by tubercular [[Mohel| mohels]], of whom 16 had died at the time of writing.<ref>{{REFjournal
Professor [[L. Emmett Holt]] (1913) reported 41 cases of tuberculosis in ritually [[circumcised]] boys who had been infected by tubercular [[Mohel| mohels]], of whom 16 had died at the time of writing.<ref>{{REFjournal
  |last=Holt
  |last=Holt
  |init=LE
  |init=LE
Line 79: Line 118:
  |DOI=10.1136/adc.2008.144063
  |DOI=10.1136/adc.2008.144063
  |url=http://adc.bmj.com/cgi/content/abstract/adc.2008.144063v1
  |url=http://adc.bmj.com/cgi/content/abstract/adc.2008.144063v1
}}</ref> The infection appears within two weeks after the ritual operation.<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Toker
|first=
|init=O
|author-link=
|last2=Schwartz
|first2=
|init2=S
|author2-link=
|last3=Segal
|first3=
|init3=G
|author3-link=
|last4=Godovitch
|first4=
|init4=N
|author4-link=
|last5=Schlesinger
|first5=
|init5=Y
|author5-link=
|last6=Raveh
|first6=
|init6=D
|author6-link=
|etal=no
|title=A costly covenant: ritual circumcision and urinary tract infection
|journal=Isr Med Assoc J
|location=
|date=2010-05
|volume=12
|issue=5
|page=
|pages=262-5
|url=https://www.ima.org.il/FilesUploadPublic/IMAJ/0/39/19639.pdf
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=20929075
|format=PDF
|accessdate=2023-11-09
}}</ref>
Two cases of [[penis]] [[amputation]] by ''[[mohel]]'' [[Hershel Goldman]] have been reported in [[Australia]].<ref name="dailymail2024">{{REFnews
|title=Top circumcision doctor is banned from performing the operations after amputating two little boys' penises, tribunal hears
|url=https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-13455661/Circumcision-doctor-Hershel-Goldman-fighting-ban.html
|last=Lackey
|first=Brett
|init=B
|author-link=
|publisher=Daily Mail
|date=2024-05-24
|accessdate=2024-05-25
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
==Video==
<youtube>dZy5lbWb9Xg</youtube>


== Social developments ==
Jewish families increasingly are questioning the practice of male circumcision. The Israeli newspaper, Haaretz, reported that many Jewish families are rejecting ritual circumcision.<ref name="ahituv2021">{{REFnews
|title=Even in Israel, More and More Parents Choose Not to Circumcise Their Sons
|url=https://www.haaretz.com/even-in-israel-more-and-more-parents-choose-not-to-circumcise-1.5178506
|last=Ahituv
|first=Netta
|coauthors=
|publisher=Haaretz
|website=
|date=2021-06-14
|accessdate=2023-12-27
|quote=The survey also found that nearly a third of the parents would prefer to forgo circumcision but nevertheless have it done for social reasons ‏(16.6 percent‏), health reasons ‏(10.4 percent‏) and because it is important for the grandparents ‏(2.1 percent‏).
}}</ref> In the [[United States]], a new organization, [[Bruchim]], seeks to make non-circumcision acceptable in synagogues.
== Video ==
<b>Jewish Circumcision Ritual and Jews Who Say No</b>
<youtube>v=INy_JH6lzHI</youtube>
{{SEEALSO}}
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Abrahamic covenant]]
* [[Abrahamic covenant]]
* [[Brit Shalom]]
* [[Brit Shalom]]
* [[Judaism]]
* [[Metzitzah b'peh]]
* [[Pain]]
* [[Pain]]
* [[Penile herpes simplex virus type 1 infection (after Jewish ritual circumcision)]]
* [[Penile herpes simplex virus type 1 infection (after Jewish ritual circumcision)]]
* [[Periah]]
* [[Trauma]]
{{LINKS}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://www.thebrisguide.com/what-is-a-bris
|title=The Parent's Comprehensive Guide to Bris Milah
|last=Golish
|first=Shlomo
|init=
|publisher=The Bris Guide
|date=2022
|accessdate=2022-11-24
}}
* {{REFbook
|url=https://www.cirp.org/library/legal/chessler/02.php#D3
|chapter=Judaism and Male Circumcision: The Bible and its Contradictions
|title=Justifying the Unjustifiable: Rite v. Wrong
|last=Chessler
|first=Abbie J.
|init=AJ
|author-link=Abbie Chessler
|publisher=Buffalo Law Review
|year=1997
|accessdate=2023-08-26
}}
{{REF}}
{{REF}}


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[[Category:Judaism]]
[[Category:Judaism]]
[[Category:Religion]]
[[Category:Religion]]
[[Category:Penile surgery]]


[[de:Brit Mila]]
[[de:Brit Mila]]
Retrieved from "https://en.intactiwiki.org/wiki/Brit_Milah"