Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision: Difference between revisions

← Older edit

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 == Funding ==
-VMMC is funded by [[USAID]] and [[C-Change]].
+VMMC was funded by [[USAID]] and [[C-Change]].
+[[PEPFAR]] (2025) has scrapped its ineffective and harmful "voluntary male  medical circumcision" (VMMC) program after 15 years and at least 27,000,000 harmful and useless [[foreskin]] amputations.<ref name="gwarisa2025">{{REFnews
+ |title=New PEPFAR Waiver Scraps Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Program
+ |url=https://healthtimes.co.zw/2025/02/07/new-pepfar-waiver-scraps-voluntary-medical-male-circumcision-program/
+ |last=Gwarisa
+ |first=Michael
+ |init=
+ |author-link=
+ |publisher=Healthtimes
+ |website=
+ |date=2025-02-07
+ |accessdate=2025-02-15
+ |format=
+ |quote=
+}}</ref> Numerous studies have demonstrated that [[adult circumcision]] is not effective in preventing [[HIV]] [[infection]].
 == Circumcision campaign propaganda by VMMC ==
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   |accessdate=2021-07-27
 }}</ref>
+==Circumcision does not prevent HIV infection==
+=== Population-based studies ===
+{{Population-based studies}}
+===Two African surveys===
+The previously reported studies were from developed Western nations. Now we have information from Sub_Saharan Africa.
-== No net effect of circumcision on HIV ==
+French scientist [[Michel Garenne]], Ph.D. has published two reports in 2022 comparing the incidence of HIV infection in [[circumcised]] and [[intact]] men.
-[[Michel Garenne|Garenne]] (2022) investigated the complex relationships between circumcision and HIV prevalence in Lesotho and found no net effect of [[circumcision]] on [[HIV]]. The study questions the amount of effort and money spent on VMMC in Lesotho.<ref>{{REFjournal
+In his first report, Garenne presented the findings from a study in Lesotho, the enclave in South Africa. He reported:
+<blockquote>
+In couple studies, the effect of circumcision and VMMC on HIV was not significant, with similar transmission from female to male and male to female. The study questions the amount of effort and money spent on VMMC in Lesotho.<ref name="garenne2022A">{{REFjournal
   |last=Garenne
   |first=Michel
@@ Line 122: / Line 144: @@
   |date=2022-04-04
   |journal=J Biosoc Sci
+ |volume=online ahead of print
   |pages=1-16
   |DOI=10.1017/S0021932022000153
   |pubmedID=35373731
-  |accessdate=2022-04-12
+  |accessdate=2022-11-07
 }}</ref>
+</blockquote>
+In his second report, Garenne (2022) presented information from six Sub-Saharan African nations (Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe). He reported:
+<blockquote>
+ "Results matched earlier observations made in South Africa that [[circumcised]] and [[intact]] men had similar levels of HIV infection."<ref name="garenne2022B">{{REFjournal
+ |last=Garenne
+ |first=Michael
+ |init=M
+ |author-link=
+ |etal=no
+ |title=Age-incidence and prevalence of HIV among intact and circumcised men: an analysis of PHIA surveys in Southern Africa
+ |trans-title=
+ |language=
+ |journal=J Biosoc Sci
+ |location=
+ |date=2022-10-26
+ |season=
+ |volume=
+ |issue=
+ |article=
+ |page=
+ |pages=1-13
+ |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-biosocial-science/article/abs/ageincidence-and-prevalence-of-hiv-among-intact-and-circumcised-men-an-analysis-of-phia-surveys-in-southern-africa/CAA7E7BD5A9844F41C6B7CC3573B9E50
+ |archived=
+ |quote=
+ |pubmedID=36286328
+ |pubmedCID=
+ |DOI=10.1017/S0021932022000414
+ |accessdate=2022-11-07
+}}</ref></blockquote>
 {{SEEALSO}}
 * [[Catholic Medical Mission Board]]
@@ Line 136: / Line 188: @@
 [[Category:Program]]
 [[Category:Circumcision in Africa]]
+[[Category:Kenya]]
 [[Category:From CircLeaks]]