Synechia: Difference between revisions
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There are some synechiae that are natural. Baby boys are born with the inner foreskin fused with the glans penis by a synechial membrane that is common to both parts,<ref name="deibart1933">{{REFjournal | There are some synechiae that are natural. Baby boys are born with the inner [[foreskin]] fused with the [[glans penis]] by a synechial membrane that is common to both parts,<ref name="deibart1933">{{REFjournal | ||
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==Penile synechia in childhood== | ==Penile synechia in childhood== | ||
[[Jakob Øster| Øster]] (1968) was a school physician in [[Denmark]] where boys are not usually circumcised. Øster conducted regular examinations of school boys from age 6 through age 17 and recorded his results. Øster reported that 63% of 6-7 year old boys; 48% of 10-11 year old boys; and 3% of 16-17 year old boys had a prepuce that was not fully separated.<ref name="Øster1968">{{ | [[Jakob Øster| Øster]] (1968) was a school physician in [[Denmark]] where boys are not usually [[circumcised]]. Øster conducted regular examinations of school boys from age 6 through age 17 and recorded his results. Øster reported that 63% of 6-7 year old boys; 48% of 10-11 year old boys; and 3% of 16-17 year old boys had a prepuce that was not fully separated.<ref name="Øster1968">{{OesterJ 1968}}</ref> The separation and breakdown and the synechia is natural, normal, spontaneous, and requires no special care. Thorvaldsen & Meyhoff (2005) report about 50 percent of boys can retract their [[foreskin]] by age 10.4, thus confirming Øster's report.<ref name-"thorvaldsen2005">{{REFjournal | ||
}}</ref> The separation and breakdown and the synechia is natural, normal, spontaneous, and requires no special care. Thorvaldsen & Meyhoff (2005) report about 50 percent of boys can retract their [[foreskin]] by age 10.4, thus confirming Øster's report.<ref name-"thorvaldsen2005">{{REFjournal | |||
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==Synechia destruction prior to infant circumcision== | ==Synechia destruction prior to infant circumcision== | ||
When an infant boy is circumcised, as remains | When an infant boy is to be [[circumcised]], as remains a practice in the [[United States]], in preparation for the [[circumcision]], the preputial synechia must first be forcibly separated by passing a blunt probe under the foreskin in an intensely [[Pain| painful]] procedure. | ||
==Premature forcible foreskin retraction== | ==Premature forcible foreskin retraction== | ||
Premature forcible foreskin retraction (PFFR) of a boy's foreskin will rip the boy's synechia apart and cause severe pain and injury to the boys.<ref>{{REFjournal | Premature forcible foreskin retraction (PFFR) of a boy's [[foreskin]] will rip the boy's synechia apart and cause severe pain and injury to the boys.<ref>{{REFjournal | ||
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|DOI= | |DOI= | ||
|accessdate=2019-10-08 | |accessdate=2019-10-08 | ||
}}</ref> Unfortunately, many American physicians are ignorant of normal penile anatomy and cause severe pain and grave injury to boys whom they examine in their practice. The first person to retract a boy's foreskin should be the boy himself.<ref>{{REFjournal | }}</ref> Unfortunately, many American physicians are ignorant of normal penile anatomy and cause severe pain and grave injury to boys whom they examine in their practice. The first person to retract a boy's [[foreskin]] should be the boy himself.<ref>{{REFjournal | ||
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}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
[[Doctors Opposing Circumcision]] offers information and aid to parents of boys who have been injured and/or traumatized by PFFR.<ref>{{REFweb | [[Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.)]] offers information and aid to parents of boys who have been injured and/or traumatized by PFFR.<ref>{{REFweb | ||
|url=https://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org/for-parents/help-with-forcible-foreskin-retraction/ | |url=https://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org/for-parents/help-with-forcible-foreskin-retraction/ | ||
|title=Wrongful Foreskin Retraction | |title=Wrongful Foreskin Retraction | ||
|last= | |last= | ||
|first= | |first= | ||
|publisher=Doctors Opposing Circumcision | |publisher=[[Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.)]] | ||
|website= | |website= | ||
|date=2016-04-01 | |date=2016-04-01 | ||
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==Spontaneous disintegration of the synechia== | ==Spontaneous disintegration of the synechia== | ||
The synechia spontaneously disintegrates to release the foreskin.<ref name="deibart1933" /> The disintegration usually occurs in childhood but will persist into adolescence in a few cases. | The synechia spontaneously disintegrates to release the [[foreskin]].<ref name="deibart1933" /> The disintegration usually occurs in childhood but will persist into adolescence in a few cases. | ||
Some intact boys will report pain when they urinate during the period in which separation is occurring. The condition is temporary and will end when separation is complete. | Some [[intact]] boys will report pain when they urinate during the period in which separation is occurring. The condition is temporary and will end when separation is complete.<ref>{{REFweb | ||
|url=https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/penis_and_foreskin_care/#foreskin-separation | |||
|title=Foreskin separation | |||
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|publisher=The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne | |||
|date=2018-02 | |||
|accessdate=2023-08-15 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
{{SEEALSO}} | {{SEEALSO}} | ||
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[[Category:Parental information]] | [[Category:Parental information]] | ||
[[Category:Penile anatomy]] | [[Category:Penile anatomy]] | ||
[[Category:Penis]] | |||
[[de:Synechie]] | [[de:Synechie]] | ||