Genital mutilation/Table: Difference between revisions
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The following list lists the various forms of [[male genital mutilation]], starting with the lightest to the most severe known form (excluding {{W|castration}}). Information about the [[pain]] is of course very subjective. It plays a major role whether tissue on the ventral side of the [[penis]] is involved, as there is a strong concentration of nerves in the [[frenulum]]. In initiation rituals, the infliction of [[pain]] is usually quite intentional. | The following list lists the various forms of [[MGM| male genital mutilation]], starting with the lightest to the most severe known form (excluding {{W|castration}}). Information about the [[pain]] is of course very subjective. It plays a major role whether tissue on the ventral side of the [[penis]] is involved, as there is a strong concentration of nerves in the [[frenulum]]. In initiation rituals, the infliction of [[pain]] is usually quite intentional. | ||
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: left;" | {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: left;" | ||
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|| "civilized" countries in the 19th century | || "civilized" countries in the 19th century | ||
|| mostly a doctor | || mostly a doctor | ||
|| prevention of masturbation | || prevention of [[masturbation]] | ||
|| youth | || youth | ||
|| No | || No | ||
| Line 21: | Line 21: | ||
|| Initiation rite | || Initiation rite | ||
|| 12 years or older | || 12 years or older | ||
|| possibly still practiced here and there in rural areas, partly replaced by radical | || possibly still practiced here and there in rural areas, partly replaced by radical [[circumcision]] | ||
|| different methods: | || different methods: | ||
* 1) Piercing of the frenulum, which is then severed with a ligature within a few days | * 1) Piercing of the frenulum, which is then severed with a ligature within a few days | ||
* 2) Piercing and then severing the [[frenulum]] | * 2) Piercing and then severing the [[frenulum]] | ||
* 3) In the most bizarre form, a giant termite is made to bite through the frenulum | * 3) In the most bizarre form, a giant termite is made to bite through the frenulum | ||
|| The operation shortly before puberty is intended to expose the [[glans]] after the [[penis]] has grown. No loss of sensitive tissue | || The operation shortly before [[puberty]] is intended to expose the [[glans]] after the [[penis]] has grown. No loss of sensitive tissue | ||
|| 1) moderate to strong, 2) strong, 3) very strong | || 1) moderate to strong, 2) strong, 3) very strong | ||
|| no | || no | ||
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|| an amateur, an uncle on Tikopia, and on Ra'ivavae those appointed have to lend a hand themselves | || an amateur, an uncle on Tikopia, and on Ra'ivavae those appointed have to lend a hand themselves | ||
|| Initiation rite | || Initiation rite | ||
|| usually carried out between the ages of 8 and 10 years (on Niue at the age of 8, in Fiji during puberty) | || usually carried out between the ages of 8 and 10 years (on Niue at the age of 8, in Fiji during [[puberty]]) | ||
|| still in use, but increasingly being replaced by radical circumcisions in the Philippines | || still in use, but increasingly being replaced by radical circumcisions in the Philippines | ||
|| a dorsal incision in which the foreskin is cut open and the glans is exposed, but no tissue is removed | || a dorsal incision in which the [[foreskin]] is cut open and the [[glans]] is exposed, but no tissue is removed | ||
|| Exposed glans, [[skin]] flaps on the underside of the penis | || Exposed [[glans]], [[skin]] flaps on the underside of the [[penis]] | ||
|| strong | || strong | ||
|| no | || no | ||
| Line 48: | Line 48: | ||
|| ? | || ? | ||
|| A horizontal incision is made on the top of the [[foreskin]] and the [[glans]] is pulled through. | || A horizontal incision is made on the top of the [[foreskin]] and the [[glans]] is pulled through. | ||
|| Exposed glans, flaps of [[skin]] on the underside of the penis | || Exposed [[glans]], flaps of [[skin]] on the underside of the penis | ||
|| strong | || strong | ||
|| no | || no | ||
| Line 58: | Line 58: | ||
|| ? | || ? | ||
|| still in use | || still in use | ||
|| 4 incisions are made in the [[foreskin]], the glans is exposed, but no tissue is removed | || 4 incisions are made in the [[foreskin]], the [[glans]] is exposed, but no tissue is removed | ||
|| bared glans, 4 [[skin]] flaps, similar to a flower, around the glans | || bared glans, 4 [[skin]] flaps, similar to a flower, around the [[glans]] | ||
|| very strong | || very strong | ||
|| no | || no | ||
| Line 81: | Line 81: | ||
|| still in use | || still in use | ||
|| The [[foreskin]] is pulled forward and previously partially cut off with a sharp stone, today with a razor blade. | || The [[foreskin]] is pulled forward and previously partially cut off with a sharp stone, today with a razor blade. | ||
|| partially bared glans, loss of sensitive tissue | || partially bared [[glans]], loss of sensitive tissue | ||
|| very strong | || very strong | ||
|| no | || no | ||
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|| the barber, a circumciser, sometimes a doctor (who then usually circumcises radically) | || the barber, a circumciser, sometimes a doctor (who then usually circumcises radically) | ||
|| Initiation rite, tradition | || Initiation rite, tradition | ||
|| varying, always before puberty | || varying, always before [[puberty]] | ||
|| yes | || yes | ||
|| The [[foreskin]] is pulled forward and previously partially cut off with a sharp stone, today with a razor blade or a scalpel. If carried out by a surgeon, parts of both [[skin]] layers are usually removed and, if necessary, then sutured. | || The [[foreskin]] is pulled forward and previously partially cut off with a sharp stone, today with a razor blade or a scalpel. If carried out by a surgeon, parts of both [[skin]] layers are usually removed and, if necessary, then sutured. | ||
|| partially, after puberty mostly completely bare glans, visible scar, loss of sensitive tissue | || partially, after [[puberty]] mostly completely bare [[glans]], visible scar, loss of sensitive tissue | ||
|| very strong (with anesthesia: no pain, but possibly unpleasant after-effects) | || very strong (with anesthesia: no pain, but possibly unpleasant after-effects) | ||
|| no or rarely | || no or rarely | ||
| Line 125: | Line 125: | ||
|| yes | || yes | ||
|| The [[foreskin]] is pulled forward and previously partially cut off with a sharp stone, today with a razor blade or a scalpel. If carried out by a surgeon, parts of both [[skin]] layers are usually removed and, if necessary, then sutured. | || The [[foreskin]] is pulled forward and previously partially cut off with a sharp stone, today with a razor blade or a scalpel. If carried out by a surgeon, parts of both [[skin]] layers are usually removed and, if necessary, then sutured. | ||
|| partially, after puberty mostly completely bare glans, visible scar, loss of sensitive tissue | || partially, after [[puberty]] mostly completely bare [[glans]], visible scar, loss of sensitive tissue | ||
|| very strong (with anesthesia: no pain, but possibly unpleasant after-effects) | || very strong (with anesthesia: no pain, but possibly unpleasant after-effects) | ||
|| today always | || today always | ||
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|| varying, mostly in children | || varying, mostly in children | ||
|| yes | || yes | ||
|| the inner foreskin layer is removed, the outer [[skin]] layer is folded inward and sewn to the base of the glans | || the inner foreskin layer is removed, the outer [[skin]] layer is folded inward and sewn to the base of the [[glans]] | ||
|| Largely bared glans, great loss of sensitive tissue. The purpose of the technique is to leave a certain reserve of [[skin]] and to make the circumcision scar invisible. | || Largely bared glans, great loss of sensitive tissue. The purpose of the technique is to leave a certain reserve of [[skin]] and to make the [[circumcision scar]] invisible. | ||
|| no (possibly unpleasant after-effects) | || no (possibly unpleasant after-effects) | ||
|| yes | || yes | ||
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|| shortly after birth | || shortly after birth | ||
|| still often (estimated 57%) | || still often (estimated 57%) | ||
|| The [[foreskin]] is completely cut away (after it has been incised and torn from the glans in babies and toddlers). Various devices are usually used for this. The [[frenulum]] is also sometimes removed. | || The [[foreskin]] is completely cut away (after it has been incised and torn from the [[glans]] in babies and toddlers). Various devices are usually used for this. The [[frenulum]] is also sometimes removed. | ||
|| completely bared [[glans]], great loss of sensitive tissue, visible scar, mostly missing [[skin]] reserve for erections | || completely bared [[glans]], great loss of sensitive tissue, visible scar, mostly missing [[skin]] reserve for erections | ||
|| extremely strong | || extremely strong | ||
| Line 158: | Line 158: | ||
|| shortly after birth | || shortly after birth | ||
|| seldom | || seldom | ||
|| The [[foreskin]] is completely cut away (after it has been incised and torn from the glans in babies and toddlers). Various devices are usually used for this. The frenulum is also sometimes removed. | || The [[foreskin]] is completely cut away (after it has been incised and torn from the [[glans]] in babies and toddlers). Various devices are usually used for this. The frenulum is also sometimes removed. | ||
|| completely bared glans, great loss of sensitive tissue, visible scar, mostly missing [[skin]] reserve for erections | || completely bared [[glans]], great loss of sensitive tissue, visible scar, mostly missing [[skin]] reserve for erections | ||
|| extremely strong | || extremely strong | ||
|| with babies mostly no | || with babies mostly no | ||
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|| a doctor | || a doctor | ||
|| to emulate the Americans | || to emulate the Americans | ||
|| mostly before puberty | || mostly before [[puberty]] | ||
|| very often | || very often | ||
|| The [[foreskin]] is completely cut away (after it has been incised and torn from the glans in babies and toddlers). Various devices are usually used for this. The [[frenulum]] is also sometimes removed. | || The [[foreskin]] is completely cut away (after it has been incised and torn from the [[glans]] in babies and toddlers). Various devices are usually used for this. The [[frenulum]] is also sometimes removed. | ||
|| completely bared [[glans]], great loss of sensitive tissue, visible scar, mostly missing [[skin]] reserve for erections | || completely bared [[glans]], great loss of sensitive tissue, visible scar, mostly missing [[skin]] reserve for erections | ||
|| extremely strong | || extremely strong | ||
| Line 175: | Line 175: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Radical circumcision''' | | '''Radical circumcision''' | ||
|| on the Philippines | || on the [[Tuli| Philippines]] | ||
|| a doctor | || a doctor | ||
|| from traditional tradition (originally to contain masturbation), e.g. as a replacement for traditional superincision | || from traditional tradition (originally to contain [[masturbation]]), e.g. as a replacement for traditional superincision | ||
|| usually between the ages of 8 and 10 years | || usually between the ages of 8 and 10 years | ||
|| often | || often | ||
|| The foreskin is completely cut away (after it has been incised and torn from the glans in babies and toddlers). Various devices are usually used for this. The frenulum is also sometimes removed. | || The [[foreskin]] is completely cut away (after it has been incised and torn from the [[glans]] in babies and toddlers). Various devices are usually used for this. The [[frenulum]] is also sometimes removed. | ||
|| completely bared glans, great loss of sensitive tissue, visible scar, mostly missing [[skin]] reserve for erections | || completely bared [[glans]], great loss of sensitive tissue, visible scar, mostly missing [[skin]] reserve for erections | ||
|| extremely strong | || extremely strong | ||
|| with babies mostly no | || with babies mostly no | ||
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|| ? | || ? | ||
|| ? | || ? | ||
|| The [[urethra]] is sliced at the bottom of the penis. | || The [[urethra]] is sliced at the bottom of the [[penis]]. | ||
|| Urinating while standing becomes impossible. | || Urinating while standing becomes impossible. | ||
|| strong | || strong | ||
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* [[Boys]] | * [[Boys]] | ||
* [[Penis]] | * [[Penis]] | ||
* [[Puberty]] | |||
* [[Sexuality]] | * [[Sexuality]] | ||
* [[Violence]] | * [[Violence]] | ||
| Line 230: | Line 231: | ||
* [[Selbstbestimmung]] | * [[Selbstbestimmung]] | ||
[[Category:Male circumcision]] | |||
[[Category:Violence]] | [[Category:Violence]] | ||
[[Category:Genital mutilation]] | [[Category:Genital mutilation]] | ||