Genital mutilation/Table: Difference between revisions
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The following list lists the various forms of male genital mutilation, starting with the lightest to the most severe known form (excluding {{W|castration}}). Information about the pain is of course very subjective. It plays a major role whether tissue on the ventral side of the [[penis]] is involved, as there is a strong concentration of nerves in the frenulum. In initiation rituals, the infliction of pain is usually quite intentional. | The following list lists the various forms of [[MGM| male genital mutilation]], starting with the lightest to the most severe known form (excluding {{W|castration}}). Information about the [[pain]] is of course very subjective. It plays a major role whether tissue on the ventral side of the [[penis]] is involved, as there is a strong concentration of nerves in the [[frenulum]]. In initiation rituals, the infliction of [[pain]] is usually quite intentional. | ||
== | {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: left;" | ||
|- | |||
! Type!! Location !! Who !! Purpose !! Age !! Still today? !! Performance !! Result!! Pain !! Anesthesia | |||
|- | |||
| '''[[Infibulation]]''' | |||
|| "civilized" countries in the 19th century | |||
|| mostly a doctor | |||
|| prevention of [[masturbation]] | |||
|| youth | |||
|| No | |||
|| The [[foreskin]] is pierced twice. A silver wire or even a small padlock is passed through. | |||
|| two holes in the [[foreskin]] | |||
|| moderate | |||
|| No | |||
|- | |||
| '''Severing the frenulum''' | |||
|| Luos in Africa | |||
|| Young people already initiated | |||
|| Initiation rite | |||
|| 12 years or older | |||
|| possibly still practiced here and there in rural areas, partly replaced by radical [[circumcision]] | |||
|| different methods: | |||
* 1) Piercing of the frenulum, which is then severed with a ligature within a few days | |||
* 2) Piercing and then severing the [[frenulum]] | |||
* 3) In the most bizarre form, a giant termite is made to bite through the frenulum | |||
|| The operation shortly before [[puberty]] is intended to expose the [[glans]] after the [[penis]] has grown. No loss of sensitive tissue | |||
|| 1) moderate to strong, 2) strong, 3) very strong | |||
|| no | |||
|- | |||
| '''Superincision''' | |||
|| in the [[Tuli| Philippines]] with many, but not all tribes, in the Fiji Islands, in the small Pacific islands of Tikopia (Polynesia), Tangaroa, Ra'ivavae and Niue | |||
|| an amateur, an uncle on Tikopia, and on Ra'ivavae those appointed have to lend a hand themselves | |||
|| Initiation rite | |||
|| usually carried out between the ages of 8 and 10 years (on Niue at the age of 8, in Fiji during [[puberty]]) | |||
|| still in use, but increasingly being replaced by radical circumcisions in the Philippines | |||
|| a dorsal incision in which the [[foreskin]] is cut open and the [[glans]] is exposed, but no tissue is removed | |||
|| Exposed [[glans]], [[skin]] flaps on the underside of the [[penis]] | |||
|| strong | |||
|| no | |||
|- | |||
| '''Bizarre form of superincision''' | |||
|| a tribe in Melanesia (western Solomon Islands) | |||
|| an amateur | |||
|| Initiation rite | |||
|| ? | |||
|| ? | |||
|| A horizontal incision is made on the top of the [[foreskin]] and the [[glans]] is pulled through. | |||
|| Exposed [[glans]], flaps of [[skin]] on the underside of the penis | |||
|| strong | |||
|| no | |||
|- | |||
| '''Special form of superincision''' | |||
|| a tribe in Melanesia (Solomon Islands) | |||
|| an amateur | |||
|| Initiation rite | |||
|| ? | |||
|| still in use | |||
|| 4 incisions are made in the [[foreskin]], the [[glans]] is exposed, but no tissue is removed | |||
|| bared glans, 4 [[skin]] flaps, similar to a flower, around the [[glans]] | |||
|| very strong | |||
|| no | |||
|- | |||
| '''Partial circumcision (about 1/3)''' | |||
|| in use in [[Judaism]] until the 2nd century | |||
|| the trained [[Mohel]] | |||
|| biblical command | |||
|| 8th day after birth | |||
|| no longer in this lighter form | |||
|| The [[foreskin]] is pulled forward and previously partially cut off with a sharp stone, today with a razor blade. | |||
|| partially bared glans, loss of sensitive tissue | |||
|| very strong | |||
|| no | |||
|- | |||
| '''Partial circumcision (about 1/3)''' | |||
|| some African tribes | |||
|| an amateur | |||
|| Initiation rite | |||
|| varying | |||
|| still in use | |||
|| The [[foreskin]] is pulled forward and previously partially cut off with a sharp stone, today with a razor blade. | |||
|| partially bared [[glans]], loss of sensitive tissue | |||
: | || very strong | ||
|| no | |||
|- | |||
| '''Partial circumcision (at least half to 2/3)''' | |||
|| in [[Islam]]ic countries, among Islamic population groups | |||
|| the barber, a circumciser, sometimes a doctor (who then usually circumcises radically) | |||
|| Initiation rite, tradition | |||
|| varying, always before [[puberty]] | |||
|| yes | |||
|| The [[foreskin]] is pulled forward and previously partially cut off with a sharp stone, today with a razor blade or a scalpel. If carried out by a surgeon, parts of both [[skin]] layers are usually removed and, if necessary, then sutured. | |||
|| partially, after [[puberty]] mostly completely bare [[glans]], visible scar, loss of sensitive tissue | |||
: | || very strong (with anesthesia: no pain, but possibly unpleasant after-effects) | ||
|| no or rarely | |||
|- | |||
| '''Partial circumcision (at least half to 2/3)''' | |||
|| with African tribes, with [[Aborigines]] in Northwest [[Australia]] | |||
|| an amateur | |||
|| Initiation rite, tradition | |||
|| varying | |||
|| yes | |||
|| The [[foreskin]] is pulled forward and previously partially cut off with a sharp stone, today with a razor blade or a scalpel. If carried out by a surgeon, parts of both [[skin]] layers are usually removed and, if necessary, then sutured. | |||
|| partially, after puberty mostly completely bare glans, visible scar, loss of sensitive tissue | |||
|| very strong (with anesthesia: no pain, but possibly unpleasant after-effects) | |||
|| no or rarely | |||
|- | |||
| '''Partial circumcision (at least half to 2/3)''' | |||
|| in West [[Australia]] | |||
|| an amateur | |||
|| Initiation rite, tradition | |||
|| ? | |||
|| yes | |||
|| The [[foreskin]] is pulled forward and previously partially cut off with a sharp stone, today with a razor blade or a scalpel. If carried out by a surgeon, parts of both [[skin]] layers are usually removed and, if necessary, then sutured. | |||
|| partially, after puberty mostly completely bare glans, visible scar, loss of sensitive tissue | |||
|| very strong (with anesthesia: no pain, but possibly unpleasant after-effects) | |||
|| no or rarely | |||
|- | |||
| '''Partial circumcision (at least half to 2/3)''' | |||
|| in western countries | |||
|| a doctor | |||
|| because problems arose that the doctor could not find any other way to solve | |||
|| varying, mostly in children | |||
|| yes | |||
|| The [[foreskin]] is pulled forward and previously partially cut off with a sharp stone, today with a razor blade or a scalpel. If carried out by a surgeon, parts of both [[skin]] layers are usually removed and, if necessary, then sutured. | |||
|| partially, after [[puberty]] mostly completely bare [[glans]], visible scar, loss of sensitive tissue | |||
|| very strong (with anesthesia: no pain, but possibly unpleasant after-effects) | |||
|| today always | |||
|- | |||
|- | |||
| '''Plastic surgery that removes the inner layer of [[skin]]''' | |||
|| in civilized countries | |||
|| a doctor | |||
|| because problems arose that the doctor could not find any other way to solve | |||
|| varying, mostly in children | |||
|| yes | |||
|| the inner foreskin layer is removed, the outer [[skin]] layer is folded inward and sewn to the base of the [[glans]] | |||
|| Largely bared glans, great loss of sensitive tissue. The purpose of the technique is to leave a certain reserve of [[skin]] and to make the [[circumcision scar]] invisible. | |||
|| no (possibly unpleasant after-effects) | |||
|| yes | |||
|- | |||
| '''Radical circumcision''' | |||
|| in the [[United States]] in newborns | |||
|| most often a gynecologist, sometimes a general practitioner, less often a pediatrician | |||
|| from an ancient tradition (originally to contain [[masturbation]]) | |||
|| shortly after birth | |||
|| still often (estimated 57%) | |||
|| The [[foreskin]] is completely cut away (after it has been incised and torn from the [[glans]] in babies and toddlers). Various devices are usually used for this. The [[frenulum]] is also sometimes removed. | |||
|| completely bared [[glans]], great loss of sensitive tissue, visible scar, mostly missing [[skin]] reserve for erections | |||
|| extremely strong | |||
|| with babies mostly no | |||
|- | |||
| '''Radical circumcision''' | |||
|| in [[Canada]] and [[Australia]] | |||
|| a doctor, mostly a gynecologist | |||
|| from an ancient tradition (originally to contain [[masturbation]]) | |||
|| shortly after birth | |||
|| seldom | |||
|| The [[foreskin]] is completely cut away (after it has been incised and torn from the [[glans]] in babies and toddlers). Various devices are usually used for this. The frenulum is also sometimes removed. | |||
|| completely bared [[glans]], great loss of sensitive tissue, visible scar, mostly missing [[skin]] reserve for erections | |||
|| extremely strong | |||
|| with babies mostly no | |||
|- | |||
| '''Radical circumcision''' | |||
|| in [[South Korea]] | |||
|| a doctor | |||
|| to emulate the Americans | |||
|| mostly before [[puberty]] | |||
|| very often | |||
|| The [[foreskin]] is completely cut away (after it has been incised and torn from the [[glans]] in babies and toddlers). Various devices are usually used for this. The [[frenulum]] is also sometimes removed. | |||
|| completely bared [[glans]], great loss of sensitive tissue, visible scar, mostly missing [[skin]] reserve for erections | |||
|| extremely strong | |||
|| with babies mostly no | |||
|- | |||
| '''Radical circumcision''' | |||
|| on the [[Tuli| Philippines]] | |||
|| a doctor | |||
|| from traditional tradition (originally to contain [[masturbation]]), e.g. as a replacement for traditional superincision | |||
|| usually between the ages of 8 and 10 years | |||
|| often | |||
|| The [[foreskin]] is completely cut away (after it has been incised and torn from the [[glans]] in babies and toddlers). Various devices are usually used for this. The [[frenulum]] is also sometimes removed. | |||
|| completely bared [[glans]], great loss of sensitive tissue, visible scar, mostly missing [[skin]] reserve for erections | |||
|| extremely strong | |||
|| with babies mostly no | |||
|- | |||
| '''Subincision, lighter type'''<br> | |||
(mostly in connection with previous circumcision) | |||
|| some Aboriginal tribes in [[Australia]] | |||
|| an amateur | |||
|| Initiation rite | |||
|| ? | |||
|| ? | |||
|| The [[urethra]] is sliced at the bottom of the [[penis]]. | |||
|| Urinating while standing becomes impossible. | |||
|| strong | |||
|| no | |||
|- | |||
| '''Subincision, heavier type'''<br> | |||
(mostly in connection with previous circumcision) | |||
|| some Aboriginal tribes in Australia | |||
|| an amateur | |||
|| Initiation rite | |||
|| ? | |||
|| ? | |||
|| The [[urethra]] is completely cut open from the base of the [[penis]] to the [[glans]]. | |||
|| The appearance and function of the penis are massively changed. Urinating while standing becomes impossible. | |||
|| extremely strong | |||
|| no | |||
|- | |||
| '''Molting of the entire penis''' | |||
|| Africa, a tribe on the Red Sea | |||
|| an amateur | |||
|| Initiation rite | |||
|| ? | |||
|| probably not practiced since around 1900 | |||
|| The entire [[penile skin]], including a piece of [[skin]] of the pubic mound, is torn off. | |||
|| serious mutilation | |||
|| extraordinarily strong | |||
|| no | |||
|} | |||
{{SEEALSO}} | {{SEEALSO}} | ||
* [[Boys]] | * [[Boys]] | ||
* [[Penis]] | |||
* [[Puberty]] | |||
* [[Sexuality]] | * [[Sexuality]] | ||
* [[Violence]] | * [[Violence]] | ||
| Line 180: | Line 231: | ||
* [[Selbstbestimmung]] | * [[Selbstbestimmung]] | ||
[[Category:Male circumcision]] | |||
[[Category:Violence]] | [[Category:Violence]] | ||
[[Category:Genital mutilation]] | [[Category:Genital mutilation]] | ||
| Line 185: | Line 238: | ||
[[Category:From WikiMANNia]] | [[Category:From WikiMANNia]] | ||
[[de:Genitalverstümmelung | [[de:Genitalverstümmelung/Tabelle]] | ||