Difference between revisions of "Gomco"
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A '''Gomco clamp''', otherwise known as a '''Yellen clamp''',<ref>{{REFjournal | A '''Gomco clamp''', otherwise known as a '''Yellen clamp''',<ref>{{REFjournal | ||
| − | | last=Warner | + | |last=Warner |
| − | | | + | |init=E |
| − | | | + | |last2=Strashin |
| − | | | + | |init2=E |
| − | | title=Benefits and risks of circumcision | + | |date=1981-11 |
| − | | journal=Can Med Assoc J | + | |title=Benefits and risks of circumcision |
| − | | volume=125 | + | |journal=Can Med Assoc J |
| − | | issue=9 | + | |volume=125 |
| − | | pages= | + | |issue=9 |
| − | | url= | + | |pages=967-976, 992 |
| − | | quote= | + | |url= |
| − | | pubmedID=7037142 | + | |quote= |
| − | | pubmedCID=1862490 | + | |pubmedID=7037142 |
| − | | DOI= | + | |pubmedCID=1862490 |
| − | | accessdate= | + | |DOI= |
| + | |accessdate= | ||
}} </ref><ref name="gelbaum">{{REFjournal | }} </ref><ref name="gelbaum">{{REFjournal | ||
| − | | last=Gelbaum | + | |last=Gelbaum |
| − | | | + | |init=I |
| − | | | + | |author-link=Ilene Gelbaum |
| − | | | + | |date=1993 |
| − | | title=Circumcision. Refining a traditional surgical technique | + | |title=Circumcision. Refining a traditional surgical technique |
| − | | journal=J Nurse Midwifery | + | |journal=J Nurse Midwifery |
| − | | volume=38 | + | |volume=38 |
| − | | issue=2 Suppl | + | |issue=2 Suppl |
| − | | pages=18S–30S | + | |pages=18S–30S |
| − | | url= | + | |url= |
| − | | quote= | + | |quote= |
| − | | pubmedID=8387102 | + | |pubmedID=8387102 |
| − | | DOI=10.1016/0091-2182(93)90093-V | + | |DOI=10.1016/0091-2182(93)90093-V |
| − | | accessdate= | + | |accessdate= |
| − | }}</ref> is a specialized clamp for performing | + | }}</ref> is a specialized clamp for performing non-therapeutic infant [[circumcision]]. There is no medical indication for circumcision of the newborn. |
| − | | last=Hodges | + | |
| − | | first=Frederick | + | The clamp was invented by [[Hiram S. Yellen]] and [[Aaron Goldstein]] in 1934-1935.<ref>{{REFbook |
| − | | year=1997 | + | |last=Hodges |
| − | | title=Sexual | + | |first=Frederick M. |
| − | | url= | + | |init=FM |
| − | | | + | |author-link=Frederick M. Hodges |
| − | | edition= | + | |year=1997 |
| − | | volume= | + | |title=Sexual Mutilations: A Human Tragedy |
| − | | chapter=A Short History of the Institutionalization of Involuntary Sexual Mutilation in the United States | + | |url=https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9780306455896 |
| − | | | + | |editors=[[George C. Denniston]], [[Marilyn Fayre Milos]] |
| − | | location= | + | |edition= |
| − | | publisher=Springer | + | |volume= |
| − | | isbn=9780306455896 | + | |chapter=A Short History of the Institutionalization of Involuntary Sexual Mutilation in the United States |
| − | | note= | + | |page=26 |
| − | | accessdate= | + | |location= |
| + | |publisher=Springer | ||
| + | |isbn=9780306455896 | ||
| + | |note= | ||
| + | |accessdate= | ||
}}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal | }}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal | ||
| − | | last=Alanis MC | + | |last=Alanis |
| − | | | + | |init=MC |
| − | | | + | |last2=Lucidi |
| − | | | + | |init2=RS |
| − | | title=Neonatal circumcision: a review of the world's oldest and most controversial operation | + | |date=2004-05 |
| − | | journal=Obstet Gynecol Surv | + | |title=Neonatal circumcision: a review of the world's oldest and most controversial operation |
| − | | volume=59 | + | |journal=Obstet Gynecol Surv |
| − | | issue=5 | + | |volume=59 |
| − | | pages=379- | + | |issue=5 |
| − | | url= | + | |pages=379-395 |
| − | | quote= | + | |url= |
| − | | pubmedID=15097799 | + | |quote= |
| − | | DOI=10.1097/00006254-200405000-00026 | + | |pubmedID=15097799 |
| − | | accessdate= | + | |DOI=10.1097/00006254-200405000-00026 |
| − | }}</ref> Gomco stands for the <u>Go</u>ldstein <u>M</u>edical <u>Co</u>mpany, the original manufacturer of the clamp.<ref name="gelbaum"/> In a 1998 study, it was the preferred circumcision technique of 67% of US physicians.<ref>{{REFjournal | + | |accessdate= |
| − | | last=Stang HJ | + | }}</ref> Gomco stands for the <u>Go</u>ldstein <u>M</u>edical <u>Co</u>mpany, the original manufacturer of the clamp.<ref name="gelbaum"/> In a 1998 study, it was the preferred [[circumcision]] technique of 67% of US physicians.<ref>{{REFjournal |
| − | | | + | |last=Stang |
| − | | | + | |init=HJ |
| − | | | + | |last2=Snellman |
| − | | title=Circumcision practice patterns in the United States | + | |init2=LW |
| − | | journal=Pediatrics | + | |date=1998-06 |
| − | | volume=101 | + | |title=Circumcision practice patterns in the United States |
| − | | issue=6 | + | |journal=Pediatrics |
| − | | | + | |volume=101 |
| − | | url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/101/6/e5 | + | |issue=6 |
| − | | quote= | + | |page=E5 |
| − | | pubmedID=9606247 | + | |url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/101/6/e5 |
| − | | DOI=10.1542/peds.101.6.e5 | + | |quote= |
| − | | accessdate= | + | |pubmedID=9606247 |
| + | |DOI=10.1542/peds.101.6.e5 | ||
| + | |accessdate= | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
| Line 84: | Line 91: | ||
[[Image:Gomco.gif|Circumcision with Gomco clamp]] | [[Image:Gomco.gif|Circumcision with Gomco clamp]] | ||
| − | The technique is as follows:<ref>{{REFjournal | + | The technique is as follows:<ref name="peleg-steiner1998">{{REFjournal |
| − | | last=Peleg | + | |last=Peleg |
| − | | first=David | + | |first=David |
| − | | | + | |init=D |
| − | | | + | |last2=Steiner |
| − | | title=The Gomco Circumcision: Common Problems and Solutions | + | |first2=Ann |
| − | | journal=American Family Physician | + | |init2=A |
| − | | volume=58 | + | |date=1998 |
| − | | issue=4 | + | |title=The Gomco Circumcision: Common Problems and Solutions |
| − | | pages=891- | + | |journal=American Family Physician |
| − | | url=http://www.aafp.org/link_out?pmid=9767725 | + | |volume=58 |
| − | | pubmedID=9767725 | + | |issue=4 |
| − | | quote= | + | |pages=891-898 |
| − | | accessdate= | + | |url=http://www.aafp.org/link_out?pmid=9767725 |
| + | |pubmedID=9767725 | ||
| + | |quote= | ||
| + | |accessdate=2022-06-27 | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
# Anesthetic should be applied (though it is a historically recent addition, dating only to approximately the early 1990s). | # Anesthetic should be applied (though it is a historically recent addition, dating only to approximately the early 1990s). | ||
| − | # The foreskin is gripped with two hemostats (tissue holders) and a tool is inserted between his foreskin and glans.<ref name="children.webmd"/> | + | # The [[foreskin]] is gripped with two hemostats (tissue holders) and a tool is inserted between his foreskin and [[glans]].<ref name="children.webmd"/> |
| − | # Once separated, a hemostat is used to pull his foreskin lengthwise in order to reduce bleeding.<ref name="children.webmd">HealthWise Medical Reference, Available online at: http://children.webmd.com/tc/circumcision-what-happens-during-a-circumcision Last Updated: February 19, 2008.</ref> | + | # Once separated, a hemostat is used to pull his [[foreskin]] lengthwise in order to reduce [[bleeding]].<ref name="children.webmd">HealthWise Medical Reference, Available online at: http://children.webmd.com/tc/circumcision-what-happens-during-a-circumcision Last Updated: February 19, 2008.</ref> |
# Next, the foreskin is cut lengthwise through the stretched tissue (dorsal slit) to allow space to insert the circumcision device.<ref name="children.webmd" /> | # Next, the foreskin is cut lengthwise through the stretched tissue (dorsal slit) to allow space to insert the circumcision device.<ref name="children.webmd" /> | ||
# The bell of the Gomco clamp is placed over the glans, and the foreskin is pulled over the bell. | # The bell of the Gomco clamp is placed over the glans, and the foreskin is pulled over the bell. | ||
| Line 111: | Line 121: | ||
== Description == | == Description == | ||
| − | From a 1935 article<ref>{{ | + | From a 1935 article<ref name="yellen1935">{{GoldsteinYellen1935}}</ref> by Dr. [[Hiram S. Yellen]], one of the two inventors (with [[Aaron Goldstein]]) of the Gomco Clamp. |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
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| − | }}</ref> by Dr. Hiram Yellen, one of the two inventors (with | ||
<blockquote> | <blockquote> | ||
| − | ''...the dorsal aspect of the prepuce (A) is put on a stretch by grasping it on either side of the median line with a pair of haemostats. A flat probe, anointed with Vaseline, is then inserted between the prepuce and the glans to separate adherent mucous membrane. The prepuce is then gently drawn backward, exposing the entire glans penis. This is again cleaned. In case where the prepuce is drawn tightly over the glans, a partial dorsal slit will facilitate applying the cone of draw stud over the glans [?? sic]. (Note: If too long a slit is made, the cone has a tendency to slip of the glans. The slit should, therefore, be made only sufficiently long to enable the cone to be easily applied.) | + | ''...the dorsal aspect of the [[prepuce]] (A) is put on a stretch by grasping it on either side of the median line with a pair of haemostats. A flat probe, anointed with Vaseline, is then inserted between the prepuce and the glans to separate adherent mucous membrane. The prepuce is then gently drawn backward, exposing the entire [[glans penis]]. This is again cleaned. In case where the prepuce is drawn tightly over the glans, a partial dorsal slit will facilitate applying the cone of draw stud over the glans [?? sic]. (Note: If too long a slit is made, the cone has a tendency to slip of the glans. The slit should, therefore, be made only sufficiently long to enable the cone to be easily applied.) |
| − | ''After anointing the inside of the cone (B) , it is placed over the glans, allowing enough of the mucous membrane to fit below the cone so that too much is not removed. The prepuce is then pulled through and above the bevel hole in the platform (F), and clamped in place. In this way the prepuce is crushed against the cone, causing haemostasis. We allow this pressure to remain five minutes, and in older children slightly longer. The excess of the prepuce is then cut with a sharp knife without any danger of cutting the glans, which is always protected by the cone portion of the instrument, leaving a very fine one-thirty-second of an inch ribbon-like membrane formed between the new union of the skin and mucous membrane. The pressure is then released. The circumcision is completed and the penis covered with Vaseline gauze. | + | ''After anointing the inside of the cone (B) , it is placed over the [[glans]], allowing enough of the mucous membrane to fit below the cone so that too much is not removed. The prepuce is then pulled through and above the bevel hole in the platform (F), and clamped in place. In this way the prepuce is crushed against the cone, causing haemostasis. We allow this pressure to remain five minutes, and in older children slightly longer. The excess of the prepuce is then cut with a sharp knife without any danger of cutting the glans, which is always protected by the cone portion of the instrument, leaving a very fine one-thirty-second of an inch ribbon-like membrane formed between the new union of the [[skin]] and mucous membrane. The pressure is then released. The [[circumcision]] is completed and the [[penis]] covered with Vaseline gauze. |
''No anaesthesia is used. | ''No anaesthesia is used. | ||
| − | ''On children older than twelve months, we find it advisable to insert a few sutures. | + | ''On children older than twelve months, we find it advisable to insert a few sutures.<ref>{{REFjournal |
| + | |last=Yellen | ||
| + | |init=HS | ||
| + | |author-link= | ||
| + | |last2=Brodie | ||
| + | |init2=EL | ||
| + | |author2-link= | ||
| + | |url=https://archive.org/details/discussions-of-bloodless-circumcision/mode/2up?view=theater | ||
| + | |title=Booklet: Discussions of Bloodless Circumcision | ||
| + | |journal=Gomco Equipment | ||
| + | |date=1939-02 | ||
| + | |volume= | ||
| + | |issue= | ||
| + | |pages=1-22 | ||
| + | |accessdate=2024-10-07 | ||
| + | }}</ref> | ||
</blockquote> | </blockquote> | ||
=== The pin === | === The pin === | ||
| − | A small safety pin may be used to bring the edges of the dorsal slit together over the flare of the bell before bringing the draw stud through the base plate. The safety pin should be inserted through both the foreskin and the mucosa so that care is taken not to omit the | + | A small safety pin may be used to bring the edges of the [[dorsal slit]] together over the flare of the bell before bringing the draw stud through the base plate. The safety pin should be inserted through both the [[foreskin]] and the [[mucosa]] so that care is taken not to omit the [[mucosa]]l layer. In addition, the clinician must take special care to make sure that the sharp end of the safety pin does not cause inadvertent injury to the clinician or the infant.<ref name="peleg-steiner1998" /> |
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| − | |||
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| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
[[Image:safetypin.jpg]] | [[Image:safetypin.jpg]] | ||
== Advantages == | == Advantages == | ||
| − | + | * The [[circumcision scar]] is straight. | |
| − | * The circumcision scar is straight. | + | * The [[circumcision]] is relatively quick compared to the more recent [[Plastibell]]. |
| − | * The circumcision is relatively quick compared to the more recent Plastibell. | ||
== Disadvantages == | == Disadvantages == | ||
| − | + | * Involves several small parts, all of which must be sterile so as to ensure the safety of the patient and minimize the risk of [[infection]]. | |
| − | * Involves several small parts, all of which must be sterile so as to ensure the safety of the patient and minimize the risk of infection. | + | * Special care needs to be taken to match the correct size bell and clamp to prevent injuries to the [[glans]]. |
| − | * Special care needs to be taken to match the correct size bell and clamp to prevent injuries to the glans. | + | * Procedure takes longer than the traditional Jewish Shield or [[Mogen]] Clamp techniques. |
| − | * Procedure takes longer than the traditional Jewish Shield or Mogen Clamp techniques. | ||
* The scar is more visible. | * The scar is more visible. | ||
* The procedure may be more painful. | * The procedure may be more painful. | ||
| − | + | <br> | |
[[Image:Gomco Image gallery.jpg|Gomco clamp crushing a foreskin]] | [[Image:Gomco Image gallery.jpg|Gomco clamp crushing a foreskin]] | ||
| + | == Comparison Mogen vs Gomco == | ||
| + | The ''Good Samaritan Hospital'' in Cincinnati, Ohio, was the scene of a notorious [[circumcision]] experiment from 2012 to 2014 which compared the [[Gomco]] and [[Mogen]] penis clamps, to determine which was least painful for newborn boys.<ref name="sinkey2015">{{REFjournal | ||
| + | |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25794628?dopt=Abstract | ||
| + | |title=The GoMo study: a randomized clinical trial assessing neonatal pain with Gomco vs Mogen clamp circumcision | ||
| + | |last=Sinkey | ||
| + | |init=RG | ||
| + | |last2=Eschenbacher | ||
| + | |init2=MA | ||
| + | |last3=Walsh | ||
| + | |init3=PM | ||
| + | |last4=Doerger | ||
| + | |init4=RG | ||
| + | |last5=Lambers | ||
| + | |init5=DS | ||
| + | |last6=Sibai | ||
| + | |init6=BM | ||
| + | |last7=Habli | ||
| + | |init7=MA | ||
| + | |journal=Am J Obstet Gynecol | ||
| + | |date=2015-05 | ||
| + | |volume=212 | ||
| + | |issue=5 | ||
| + | |pages=664.e1-8 | ||
| + | |DOI=10.1016/j.ajog.2015.03.029 | ||
| + | |accessdate=2020-03-09 | ||
| + | }}</ref> | ||
| + | == Video == | ||
| + | <br> | ||
| + | <youtube>v=OJK0EYF7gqQ</youtube> | ||
| + | The sound track in this video may have been altered to suppress most of the screaming of the infant boy. | ||
{{LINKS}} | {{LINKS}} | ||
* [http://www.danheller.com/circumcision.html Photos of a circumcision, by Dan Heller] | * [http://www.danheller.com/circumcision.html Photos of a circumcision, by Dan Heller] | ||
| − | * [ | + | == SEEALSO == |
| − | + | * [[Dorsal penile nerve block]] | |
| + | * [[Pain]] | ||
| + | * [[Trauma]] | ||
{{REF}} | {{REF}} | ||
| − | [[Category:Circumcision | + | [[Category:Circumcision product]] |
| − | [[Category:Financial | + | [[Category:Financial gain]] |
| − | [[Category: | + | [[Category:Circumcision]] |
| + | [[Category:Male circumcision]] | ||
| + | [[Category:From CircLeaks]] | ||
[[Category:From IntactWiki]] | [[Category:From IntactWiki]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[de:{{FULLPAGENAME}}]] | ||
Latest revision as of 14:12, 7 October 2024
A Gomco clamp, otherwise known as a Yellen clamp,[1][2] is a specialized clamp for performing non-therapeutic infant circumcision. There is no medical indication for circumcision of the newborn.
The clamp was invented by Hiram S. Yellen and Aaron Goldstein in 1934-1935.[3][4] Gomco stands for the Goldstein Medical Company, the original manufacturer of the clamp.[2] In a 1998 study, it was the preferred circumcision technique of 67% of US physicians.[5]
Contents
Method
The technique is as follows:[6]
- Anesthetic should be applied (though it is a historically recent addition, dating only to approximately the early 1990s).
- The foreskin is gripped with two hemostats (tissue holders) and a tool is inserted between his foreskin and glans.[7]
- Once separated, a hemostat is used to pull his foreskin lengthwise in order to reduce bleeding.[7]
- Next, the foreskin is cut lengthwise through the stretched tissue (dorsal slit) to allow space to insert the circumcision device.[7]
- The bell of the Gomco clamp is placed over the glans, and the foreskin is pulled over the bell.
- The base of the Gomco clamp is placed over the bell, and the Gomco clamp's arm is fitted.
- After the surgeon confirms correct fitting and placement (and the amount of foreskin to be excised), the nut on the Gomco clamp is tightened, causing the clamping of nerves and blood flow to the foreskin.
- The Gomco clamp is left in place for about five minutes to allow clotting to occur, then the foreskin is severed using a scalpel.
- The Gomco's base and bell are then removed.
Description
From a 1935 article[8] by Dr. Hiram S. Yellen, one of the two inventors (with Aaron Goldstein) of the Gomco Clamp.
...the dorsal aspect of the prepuce (A) is put on a stretch by grasping it on either side of the median line with a pair of haemostats. A flat probe, anointed with Vaseline, is then inserted between the prepuce and the glans to separate adherent mucous membrane. The prepuce is then gently drawn backward, exposing the entire glans penis. This is again cleaned. In case where the prepuce is drawn tightly over the glans, a partial dorsal slit will facilitate applying the cone of draw stud over the glans [?? sic]. (Note: If too long a slit is made, the cone has a tendency to slip of the glans. The slit should, therefore, be made only sufficiently long to enable the cone to be easily applied.)
After anointing the inside of the cone (B) , it is placed over the glans, allowing enough of the mucous membrane to fit below the cone so that too much is not removed. The prepuce is then pulled through and above the bevel hole in the platform (F), and clamped in place. In this way the prepuce is crushed against the cone, causing haemostasis. We allow this pressure to remain five minutes, and in older children slightly longer. The excess of the prepuce is then cut with a sharp knife without any danger of cutting the glans, which is always protected by the cone portion of the instrument, leaving a very fine one-thirty-second of an inch ribbon-like membrane formed between the new union of the skin and mucous membrane. The pressure is then released. The circumcision is completed and the penis covered with Vaseline gauze.
No anaesthesia is used.
On children older than twelve months, we find it advisable to insert a few sutures.[9]
The pin
A small safety pin may be used to bring the edges of the dorsal slit together over the flare of the bell before bringing the draw stud through the base plate. The safety pin should be inserted through both the foreskin and the mucosa so that care is taken not to omit the mucosal layer. In addition, the clinician must take special care to make sure that the sharp end of the safety pin does not cause inadvertent injury to the clinician or the infant.[6]
Advantages
- The circumcision scar is straight.
- The circumcision is relatively quick compared to the more recent Plastibell.
Disadvantages
- Involves several small parts, all of which must be sterile so as to ensure the safety of the patient and minimize the risk of infection.
- Special care needs to be taken to match the correct size bell and clamp to prevent injuries to the glans.
- Procedure takes longer than the traditional Jewish Shield or Mogen Clamp techniques.
- The scar is more visible.
- The procedure may be more painful.
Comparison Mogen vs Gomco
The Good Samaritan Hospital in Cincinnati, Ohio, was the scene of a notorious circumcision experiment from 2012 to 2014 which compared the Gomco and Mogen penis clamps, to determine which was least painful for newborn boys.[10]
Video
The sound track in this video may have been altered to suppress most of the screaming of the infant boy.
External links
SEEALSO
References
- ↑
Warner E, Strashin E. Benefits and risks of circumcision. Can Med Assoc J. November 1981; 125(9): 967-976, 992. PMID. PMC.
- ↑ a b Gelbaum I. Circumcision. Refining a traditional surgical technique. J Nurse Midwifery. 1993; 38(2 Suppl): 18S–30S. PMID. DOI.
- ↑
Hodges FM (1997): A Short History of the Institutionalization of Involuntary Sexual Mutilation in the United States
, in: Sexual Mutilations: A Human Tragedy. George C. Denniston, Marilyn Fayre Milos (eds.). Springer. P. 26. ISBN 9780306455896. - ↑ Alanis MC, Lucidi RS. Neonatal circumcision: a review of the world's oldest and most controversial operation. Obstet Gynecol Surv. May 2004; 59(5): 379-395. PMID. DOI.
- ↑ Stang HJ, Snellman LW. Circumcision practice patterns in the United States. Pediatrics. June 1998; 101(6): E5. PMID. DOI.
- ↑ a b Peleg D, Steiner A. The Gomco Circumcision: Common Problems and Solutions. American Family Physician. 1998; 58(4): 891-898. PMID. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
- ↑ a b c HealthWise Medical Reference, Available online at: http://children.webmd.com/tc/circumcision-what-happens-during-a-circumcision Last Updated: February 19, 2008.
- ↑ Goldstein AA, Yellen HS. Bloodless circumcision of the newborn. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. July 1935; 30(1): 146-7. Retrieved 15 October 2021.
- ↑ Yellen HS, Brodie EL. Booklet: Discussions of Bloodless Circumcision. Gomco Equipment. February 1939; : 1-22. Retrieved 7 October 2024.
- ↑ Sinkey RG, Eschenbacher MA, Walsh PM, Doerger RG, Lambers DS, Sibai BM, Habli MA. The GoMo study: a randomized clinical trial assessing neonatal pain with Gomco vs Mogen clamp circumcision. Am J Obstet Gynecol. May 2015; 212(5): 664.e1-8. DOI. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
