Difference between revisions of "Thomas R. Frieden"
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[[Image:Thomas_Frieden.jpg|right|thumb|Thomas R. Frieden]] | [[Image:Thomas_Frieden.jpg|right|thumb|Thomas R. Frieden]] | ||
| − | Dr. '''Thomas R. Frieden''' is the | + | Dr. '''Thomas R. Frieden''', {{MD}}, {{MPH}}, is the former director of the U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) and Administrator of the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). He was New York City Health Commissioner from 2002–2009.<ref>{{REFweb |
| − | | quote= | + | |quote= |
| − | | url=http://www.cdc.gov/about/leadership/leaders/Frieden.htm | + | |url=http://www.cdc.gov/about/leadership/leaders/Frieden.htm |
| − | | title=CDC Leadership | + | |title=CDC Leadership |
| − | | last= | + | |last= |
| − | | first= | + | |first= |
| − | | publisher=USA.gov | + | |publisher=USA.gov |
| − | | website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | + | |website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
| − | | date= | + | |date= |
| − | | accessdate=2011-04-24 | + | |accessdate=2011-04-24 |
| − | }}</ref> As Health Commissioner of New York City, Frieden tried to promote circumcision as a way to prevent HIV in homosexual males.<ref>{{REFjournal | + | }}</ref> As Health Commissioner of New York City, Frieden tried to promote [[circumcision]] as a way to prevent [[HIV]] in homosexual males.<ref>{{REFjournal |
|last=McNeil | |last=McNeil | ||
|first=Donald | |first=Donald | ||
| + | |init=D | ||
|date=2007-04-05 | |date=2007-04-05 | ||
|title=New York City Plans to Promote Circumcision to Reduce Spread of AIDS | |title=New York City Plans to Promote Circumcision to Reduce Spread of AIDS | ||
| Line 28: | Line 29: | ||
|last=Maher | |last=Maher | ||
|first=Theresa | |first=Theresa | ||
| + | |init=T | ||
|date=2007-04-07 | |date=2007-04-07 | ||
|title=NYC Plans To Recommend Circumcision in Anti-AIDS Crusade | |title=NYC Plans To Recommend Circumcision in Anti-AIDS Crusade | ||
| Line 43: | Line 45: | ||
|last=Young | |last=Young | ||
|first=John | |first=John | ||
| + | |init=J | ||
|date=2007-04-07 | |date=2007-04-07 | ||
|title=NYC Eyes Circumcision Push To Fight AIDS | |title=NYC Eyes Circumcision Push To Fight AIDS | ||
| Line 70: | Line 73: | ||
|DOI= | |DOI= | ||
|accessdate=2011-04-24 | |accessdate=2011-04-24 | ||
| − | }}</ref> He cited the latest African trials and tried to advocate circumcision as HIV prevention policy in general. | + | }}</ref> He cited the latest African trials and tried to advocate circumcision as [[HIV]] prevention policy in general. |
| − | == | + | == Metzitzah b'peh herpes cases == |
| − | In 2005, a circumcision ritual practiced by some Orthodox Jews alarmed city health officials, after it led to three cases of herpes | + | In 2005, a [[Metzitzah b'peh| circumcision ritual]]practiced by some Orthodox Jews alarmed city health officials, after it led to three cases of [[herpes]] — one of them fatal.<ref name='commish-letter'/> |
[[Image:Metzitzah b peh.gif]] | [[Image:Metzitzah b peh.gif]] | ||
| − | The New York City Health Commissioner at the time, [[Thomas R. Frieden]], wrote a letter to the Jewish community pardoning the ''mohel'' involved and dropped the matter as not being a New York City public health issue by stating that "[it] is our preference for the religious community to address these issues itself."<ref name='commish-letter'>{{REFnews | + | The New York City Health Commissioner at the time, [[Thomas R. Frieden]], wrote a letter to the Jewish community pardoning the [[Yitzhok Fischer| ''mohel'' involved]] and dropped the matter as not being a New York City public health issue by stating that "[it] is our preference for the religious community to address these issues itself."<ref name='commish-letter'>{{REFnews |
| − | | last=Frieden | + | |last=Frieden |
| − | | first=Thomas R. | + | |first=Thomas R. |
| − | | | + | |first2=Michael R. |
| − | | url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/downloads/pdf/std/std-bris-commishletter.pdf | + | |last2=Bloomberg |
| − | | title=The city of New York Department of Health and Mental Hygiene | + | |url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/downloads/pdf/std/std-bris-commishletter.pdf |
| − | | date= | + | |title=The city of New York Department of Health and Mental Hygiene |
| − | | publisher= | + | |date= |
| − | | quote= | + | |publisher= |
| − | | contribution=An Open Letter to the Jewish Community from the New York City Health Commissioner | + | |quote= |
| − | | accessdate=2011-04-24 | + | |contribution=An Open Letter to the Jewish Community from the New York City Health Commissioner |
| + | |accessdate=2011-04-24 | ||
}}</ref> Prior to the letter, the DOHMH had been pursuing a lawsuit against the mohel in question. It was subsequently dropped and the ban on the practice rescinded, in favor of letting a religious court settle the matter, described as unusual by some legal experts. This outcome was likely a result of pressure by mayor Bloomberg after he reached a deal with local rabbis to not ban the practice.<ref>{{REFweb | }}</ref> Prior to the letter, the DOHMH had been pursuing a lawsuit against the mohel in question. It was subsequently dropped and the ban on the practice rescinded, in favor of letting a religious court settle the matter, described as unusual by some legal experts. This outcome was likely a result of pressure by mayor Bloomberg after he reached a deal with local rabbis to not ban the practice.<ref>{{REFweb | ||
| − | | quote= | + | |quote= |
| − | | url=http://failedmessiah.typepad.com/failed_messiahcom/2005/09/nyc_mayor_gives.html | + | |url=http://failedmessiah.typepad.com/failed_messiahcom/2005/09/nyc_mayor_gives.html |
| − | | title=NYC Mayor Gives In To Satmar, Agudah In Apparent Election Deal – Circumcision Deal Clearly Not Kosher | + | |title=NYC Mayor Gives In To Satmar, Agudah In Apparent Election Deal – Circumcision Deal Clearly Not Kosher |
| − | | last= | + | |last= |
| − | | first= | + | |first= |
| − | | publisher= | + | |publisher= |
| − | | work= | + | |work= |
| − | | date= | + | |date=2005-09-21 |
| − | | accessdate= | + | |accessdate=2022-06-25 |
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
| Line 103: | Line 107: | ||
{{Citation | {{Citation | ||
|Title=Acknowledgement of the Problem | |Title=Acknowledgement of the Problem | ||
| − | |Text=...there is no reasonable doubt that the practice of metzitzah b’peh (“suction by mouth”) has infected several infants in New York City with the herpes virus, including one child who died and another who has evidence of brain damage...The connection between metzitzah b’peh and neonatal herpes has been documented in the medical literature... | + | |Text=...there is no reasonable doubt that the practice of metzitzah b’peh (“suction by mouth”) has infected several infants in New York City with the [[herpes]] virus, including one child who died and another who has evidence of brain damage...The connection between metzitzah b’peh and neonatal [[herpes]] has been documented in the medical literature... |
|Author=Thomas R. Frieden | |Author=Thomas R. Frieden | ||
|Source= | |Source= | ||
| Line 117: | Line 121: | ||
{{Citation | {{Citation | ||
|Title=Downplaying the Dangers of ''Metzitzah B'Peh'' | |Title=Downplaying the Dangers of ''Metzitzah B'Peh'' | ||
| − | |Text=With an estimated average of fewer than 30 cases of all forms of infant herpes infections occurring per year in New York City, the odds of one mohel being associated with 3 cases of | + | |Text=With an estimated average of fewer than 30 cases of all forms of infant [[herpes]] infections occurring per year in New York City, the odds of one mohel being associated with 3 cases of |
| − | neonatal herpes are infinitesimally small (about 6.9 million to 1)...Some religious authorities consider metzitzah b’peh the only acceptable way to draw blood away from the circumcision cut. | + | neonatal [[herpes]] are infinitesimally small (about 6.9 million to 1)...Some religious authorities consider metzitzah b’peh the only acceptable way to draw blood away from the circumcision cut. |
|Author=Thomas R. Frieden | |Author=Thomas R. Frieden | ||
|Source= | |Source= | ||
| Line 124: | Line 128: | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | Thomas did make a number of recommendations, including the recommendation that the ''mohel'' place a glass tube or a glass tube attached to a rubber bulb around the | + | Thomas did make a number of recommendations, including the recommendation that the ''[[mohel]]'' place a glass tube or a glass tube attached to a rubber bulb around the infant's [[penis]] before suction so as not to allow the lips of the ''[[mohel]]'' to come in direct contact with the child's [[bleeding]] penis. However, since a ban was not to be placed, and since "some religious authorities consider metzitzah b’peh the only acceptable way to draw blood", he encouraged parents to "weigh the risks of [[Metzitzah b'peh|metzitzah b’peh]]" before choosing it over alternatives.<ref name='commish-letter'/> |
| + | Frieden failed, however, to consider the right of the child to [[physical integrity]], the rights of the child under international [[human rights]] laws or the limitations on consent of parents to non-therapeutic surgery on minor children.<ref name="myers2020">{{REFjournal | ||
| + | |last=Myers | ||
| + | |first= | ||
| + | |init=A | ||
| + | |author-link=Alex Myers | ||
| + | |last2=Earp | ||
| + | |first2= | ||
| + | |init2=BD | ||
| + | |author2-link=Brian D. Earp | ||
| + | |etal=no | ||
| + | |title=What is the best age to circumcise? A medical and ethical analysis | ||
| + | |trans-title= | ||
| + | |language= | ||
| + | |journal= Bioethics | ||
| + | |location= | ||
| + | |date=2020 | ||
| + | |volume=34 | ||
| + | |issue=7 | ||
| + | |pages=645-63 | ||
| + | |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Brian-Earp-2/publication/337720859_What_Is_the_Best_Age_to_Circumcise_A_Medical_and_Ethical_Analysis/links/5f815f61a6fdccfd7b555395/What-Is-the-Best-Age-to-Circumcise-A-Medical-and-Ethical-Analysis.pdf | ||
| + | |archived= | ||
| + | |quote=Based on a careful consideration of the relevant evidence, arguments and counterarguments, we conclude that medically unnecessary penile circumcision-like other medically unnecessary genital procedures, such as 'cosmetic' labiaplasty-should not be performed on individuals who are too young (or otherwise unable) to provide meaningful consent to the procedure. | ||
| + | |pubmedID=32068898 | ||
| + | |pubmedCID= | ||
| + | |DOI= | ||
| + | |doi=10.1111/bioe.12714 | ||
| + | |format=PDF | ||
| + | |accessdate=2023-12-24 | ||
| + | }}</ref> | ||
| + | {{SEEALSO}} | ||
| + | * [[Brit Milah]] | ||
| + | * [[HIV]] | ||
| + | * [[Human rights]] | ||
| + | * [[Metzitzah b'peh]] | ||
| + | * [[United States of America]] | ||
| + | {{ABBR}} | ||
{{REF}} | {{REF}} | ||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Frieden, Thomas R.}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:Frieden, Thomas R.}} | ||
| − | [[Category: | + | [[Category:Person]] |
| + | [[Category:Male]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Category:Physician]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Jewish]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Lawsuit]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Category:USA]] | ||
[[Category:From CircLeaks]] | [[Category:From CircLeaks]] | ||
[[Category:From IntactWiki]] | [[Category:From IntactWiki]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[de:{{FULLPAGENAME}}]] | ||
Latest revision as of 20:54, 26 April 2024
Dr. Thomas R. Frieden, M.D.[a 1], M.P.H.[a 2], is the former director of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Administrator of the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). He was New York City Health Commissioner from 2002–2009.[1] As Health Commissioner of New York City, Frieden tried to promote circumcision as a way to prevent HIV in homosexual males.[2][3][4][5] He cited the latest African trials and tried to advocate circumcision as HIV prevention policy in general.
Metzitzah b'peh herpes cases
In 2005, a circumcision ritualpracticed by some Orthodox Jews alarmed city health officials, after it led to three cases of herpes — one of them fatal.[6]
The New York City Health Commissioner at the time, Thomas R. Frieden, wrote a letter to the Jewish community pardoning the mohel involved and dropped the matter as not being a New York City public health issue by stating that "[it] is our preference for the religious community to address these issues itself."[6] Prior to the letter, the DOHMH had been pursuing a lawsuit against the mohel in question. It was subsequently dropped and the ban on the practice rescinded, in favor of letting a religious court settle the matter, described as unusual by some legal experts. This outcome was likely a result of pressure by mayor Bloomberg after he reached a deal with local rabbis to not ban the practice.[7]
In the letter, Thomas states that
| “ | Acknowledgement of the Problem ...there is no reasonable doubt that the practice of metzitzah b’peh (“suction by mouth”) has infected several infants in New York City with the herpes virus, including one child who died and another who has evidence of brain damage...The connection between metzitzah b’peh and neonatal herpes has been documented in the medical literature... – Thomas R. Frieden[8] |
Yet, Thomas R. Frieden drops the matter as a New York City Health Commissioner by downplaying the issue:
| “ | Downplaying the Dangers of Metzitzah B'Peh With an estimated average of fewer than 30 cases of all forms of infant herpes infections occurring per year in New York City, the odds of one mohel being associated with 3 cases of neonatal herpes are infinitesimally small (about 6.9 million to 1)...Some religious authorities consider metzitzah b’peh the only acceptable way to draw blood away from the circumcision cut. – Thomas R. Frieden[8] |
Thomas did make a number of recommendations, including the recommendation that the mohel place a glass tube or a glass tube attached to a rubber bulb around the infant's penis before suction so as not to allow the lips of the mohel to come in direct contact with the child's bleeding penis. However, since a ban was not to be placed, and since "some religious authorities consider metzitzah b’peh the only acceptable way to draw blood", he encouraged parents to "weigh the risks of metzitzah b’peh" before choosing it over alternatives.[6]
Frieden failed, however, to consider the right of the child to physical integrity, the rights of the child under international human rights laws or the limitations on consent of parents to non-therapeutic surgery on minor children.[9]
See also
Abbreviations
- ↑
Doctor of Medicine
, Wikipedia. Retrieved 14 June 2021. In the United Kingdom, Ireland and some Commonwealth countries, the abbreviation MD is common. - ↑
Master of Public Health or Master of Philosophy in Public Health
, Wikipedia. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
References
- ↑
CDC Leadership
, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA.gov. Retrieved 24 April 2011. - ↑
McNeil D. New York City Plans to Promote Circumcision to Reduce Spread of AIDS. The New York Times. 5 April 2007; Retrieved 24 April 2011.
- ↑ Maher T. NYC Plans To Recommend Circumcision in Anti-AIDS Crusade. News Locale. 7 April 2007; Retrieved 24 April 2011.
- ↑ Young J. NYC Eyes Circumcision Push To Fight AIDS. Todays THV. 7 April 2007; Retrieved 24 April 2011.
- ↑ United Press International. N.Y. Health Officials Back Circumcision. Todays THV. 5 April 2007; Retrieved 24 April 2011.
- ↑ a b c
Frieden, Thomas R. / Michael R. Bloomberg. "The city of New York Department of Health and Mental Hygiene". Retrieved 24 April 2011.
- ↑ (21 September 2005).
NYC Mayor Gives In To Satmar, Agudah In Apparent Election Deal – Circumcision Deal Clearly Not Kosher
. Retrieved 25 June 2022. - ↑ a b
Frieden. Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. (2005). An open letter to the Jewish community. 
. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
- ↑ Myers A, Earp BD. What is the best age to circumcise? A medical and ethical analysis . Bioethics. 2020; 34(7): 645-63. PMID. DOI. Retrieved 24 December 2023.
Quote:Based on a careful consideration of the relevant evidence, arguments and counterarguments, we conclude that medically unnecessary penile circumcision-like other medically unnecessary genital procedures, such as 'cosmetic' labiaplasty-should not be performed on individuals who are too young (or otherwise unable) to provide meaningful consent to the procedure.
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