Difference between revisions of "Alleged reasons for circumcision"
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− | * masturbation (females) - 1918 Belle Eskridge<ref name="Eskridge1918">{{REFjournal | + | * [[masturbation]] (females) - 1918 Belle Eskridge<ref name="Eskridge1918">{{REFjournal |
|last=Eskridge | |last=Eskridge | ||
|first=Belle C. | |first=Belle C. | ||
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|pages=17-19 | |pages=17-19 | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
− | * masturbation (males) - 1891: [[Jonathan Hutchinson]]<ref name="Hutchinson1891">{{REFjournal | + | * [[masturbation]] (males) - 1891: [[Jonathan Hutchinson]]<ref name="Hutchinson1891">{{REFjournal |
|last=Hutchinson | |last=Hutchinson | ||
|first=Jonathan | |first=Jonathan | ||
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|accessdate= | |accessdate= | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
− | * masturbation (newborns) - 1953: R.L. Miller and D.C. Snyder<ref name="MillerSnyder1953">{{REFjournal | + | * [[masturbation]] (newborns) - 1953: R.L. Miller and D.C. Snyder<ref name="MillerSnyder1953">{{REFjournal |
|last=Miller | |last=Miller | ||
|init=RL | |init=RL | ||
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In 1966, Masters and Johnson erroneous claim that there is no difference in sensitivity between penises with and without foreskin. | In 1966, Masters and Johnson erroneous claim that there is no difference in sensitivity between penises with and without foreskin. | ||
− | + | : ({{NOTE}} Their work helps propagate the medical dogma that circumcision has no effect on sexuality go practically unquestioned for nearly the next four decades.)<ref name="MastersJohnson1966">{{REFbook | |
− | ({{NOTE}} Their work helps propagate the medical dogma that circumcision has no effect on sexuality go practically unquestioned for nearly the next four decades.)<ref name="MastersJohnson1966">{{REFbook | ||
|last=Masters and Johnson | |last=Masters and Johnson | ||
|year=1966 | |year=1966 | ||
Line 229: | Line 228: | ||
|pages=1109-1113 | |pages=1109-1113 | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
− | * eye problems believed to be caused by masturbation - 1881: Maximillian Landesburg<ref name="Landesburg1881">{{REFjournal | + | * eye problems believed to be caused by [[masturbation]] - 1881: Maximillian Landesburg<ref name="Landesburg1881">{{REFjournal |
|last=Landesburg | |last=Landesburg | ||
|first=Maximillian | |first=Maximillian | ||
Line 252: | Line 251: | ||
|pages=1-11 | |pages=1-11 | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
− | * masturbation (newborns) - 1953: R.L. Miller and D.C. Snyder<ref name="MillerSnyder1953"/> | + | * [[masturbation]] (newborns) - 1953: R.L. Miller and D.C. Snyder<ref name="MillerSnyder1953"/> |
* neuroses (females) - 1915: Benjamin E. Dawson<ref name="Dawson1915">{{REFjournal | * neuroses (females) - 1915: Benjamin E. Dawson<ref name="Dawson1915">{{REFjournal | ||
|last=Dawson | |last=Dawson | ||
Line 288: | Line 287: | ||
== Prevention == | == Prevention == | ||
− | * AIDS - 1986: Aaron J. Fink<ref name="Fink1986">{{REFjournal | + | * AIDS - 1986: [[Aaron J. Fink]]<ref name="Fink1986">{{REFjournal |
|last=Fink | |last=Fink | ||
|first=Aaron J. | |first=Aaron J. | ||
Line 299: | Line 298: | ||
|issue=18 | |issue=18 | ||
|page=1167 | |page=1167 | ||
− | }}</ref>, 2003: Edgar J. Schoen<ref name="Schoen2003">{{REFjournal | + | }}</ref>, 2003: [[Edgar J. Schoen]]<ref name="Schoen2003">{{REFjournal |
|last=Schoen | |last=Schoen | ||
|first=Edgar J. | |first=Edgar J. | ||
Line 315: | Line 314: | ||
|first=Abraham | |first=Abraham | ||
|init=A | |init=A | ||
− | |author-link=Abraham Ravich | + | |#author-link=Abraham Ravich |
|title=Viral carcinogenesis in venereally susceptible organs | |title=Viral carcinogenesis in venereally susceptible organs | ||
|journal=Cancer | |journal=Cancer | ||
Line 336: | Line 335: | ||
|pages=341-346 | |pages=341-346 | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
− | * cervical cancer | + | * [[cervical cancer]] (women) - 1951: Abraham Ravich<ref name="Ravich1951">{{REFjournal |
|last=Ravich | |last=Ravich | ||
|first=Abraham | |first=Abraham | ||
|init=A | |init=A | ||
− | |author-link=Abraham Ravich | + | |#author-link=Abraham Ravich |
|title=Prophylaxis of cancer of the prostate, penis, and cervix by circumcision | |title=Prophylaxis of cancer of the prostate, penis, and cervix by circumcision | ||
|journal=New York State Journal of Medicine | |journal=New York State Journal of Medicine | ||
Line 351: | Line 350: | ||
|first=Ernest L. | |first=Ernest L. | ||
|init=EL | |init=EL | ||
− | |author-link=Ernest L. Wynder | + | |#author-link=Ernest L. Wynder |
|title=A study of environmental factors of carcinoma of the cervix | |title=A study of environmental factors of carcinoma of the cervix | ||
|journal=American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology | |journal=American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology | ||
Line 360: | Line 359: | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
* HIV (in women after FGM) - 2005: R.Y. Stallings<ref name="Stallings2005"/> | * HIV (in women after FGM) - 2005: R.Y. Stallings<ref name="Stallings2005"/> | ||
− | * HIV 'vaccine' - 2007: Robert C. Bailey<ref name="Bailey2007">{{REFjournal | + | * HIV 'vaccine' - 2007: [[Robert C. Bailey]]<ref name="Bailey2007">{{REFjournal |
|last=Bailey | |last=Bailey | ||
|first=Robert C. | |first=Robert C. | ||
Line 372: | Line 371: | ||
|pages=643-656 | |pages=643-656 | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
− | * inchastity - 1935: R.W. Cockshut<ref name="Cockshut1935">{{REFjournal | + | * inchastity - 1935: [[R. W. Cockshut]]<ref name="Cockshut1935">{{REFjournal |
|last=Cockshut | |last=Cockshut | ||
|init=RW | |init=RW | ||
Line 402: | Line 401: | ||
|issue=4 | |issue=4 | ||
|pages=368-374 | |pages=368-374 | ||
− | }}</ref>, 1888: John Harvey Kellogg (as punishment)<ref name="Kellogg1888">{{REFbook | + | }}</ref>, 1888: [[John Harvey Kellogg]] (as punishment)<ref name="Kellogg1888">{{REFbook |
|last=Kellogg | |last=Kellogg | ||
|first=John Harvey | |first=John Harvey | ||
+ | |author-link=John Harvey Kellogg | ||
|year=1888 | |year=1888 | ||
− | |title=Plain Facts for Old and Young | + | |title=Plain Facts for Old and Young |
|url=http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/toc/modeng/public/KelPlai.html | |url=http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/toc/modeng/public/KelPlai.html | ||
|editor=Project Gutenberg | |editor=Project Gutenberg | ||
Line 425: | Line 425: | ||
|publisher=Doubleday & Co | |publisher=Doubleday & Co | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
− | * neonatal group B streptococcal disease - 1988: Aaron J. Fink<ref name="Fink1988">{{REFjournal | + | * neonatal group B streptococcal disease - 1988: [[Aaron J. Fink]]<ref name="Fink1988">{{REFjournal |
|last=Fink | |last=Fink | ||
|first=Aaron J. | |first=Aaron J. | ||
Line 438: | Line 438: | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
* nervousness - 1969: Morris Fishbein<ref name="Fishbein1969"/> | * nervousness - 1969: Morris Fishbein<ref name="Fishbein1969"/> | ||
− | * penile cancer - 1926: Abraham L. Wolbarst<ref name="Wolbarst1926">{{REFjournal | + | * [[penile cancer]] - 1926: [[Abraham L. Wolbarst]]<ref name="Wolbarst1926">{{REFjournal |
|last=Wolbarst | |last=Wolbarst | ||
|first=Abraham L. | |first=Abraham L. | ||
|init=AL | |init=AL | ||
+ | |author-link=Abraham L. Wolbarst | ||
|title=Is circumcision a prophylactic against penis cancer? | |title=Is circumcision a prophylactic against penis cancer? | ||
|journal=Cancer | |journal=Cancer | ||
Line 461: | Line 462: | ||
|pages=129-131 | |pages=129-131 | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
− | * prostate cancer - 1942: Abraham Ravich<ref name="Ravich1942">{{REFjournal | + | * [[prostate cancer]] - 1942: Abraham Ravich<ref name="Ravich1942">{{REFjournal |
|last=Ravich | |last=Ravich | ||
|first=Abraham | |first=Abraham | ||
|init=A | |init=A | ||
− | |author-link=Abraham Ravich | + | |#author-link=Abraham Ravich |
|title=The relationship of circumcision to cancer of the prostate | |title=The relationship of circumcision to cancer of the prostate | ||
|journal=Journal of Urology | |journal=Journal of Urology | ||
Line 473: | Line 474: | ||
|pages=298-299 | |pages=298-299 | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
− | * raping whites - 1894: P.C. Remondino (for Blacks)<ref name="Remondino1894">{{REFjournal | + | * raping whites - 1894: [[Peter Charles Remondino|P.C. Remondino]] (for Blacks)<ref name="Remondino1894">{{REFjournal |
|last=Remondino | |last=Remondino | ||
|init=PC | |init=PC | ||
+ | |author-link=Peter Charles Remondino | ||
|title=Negro rapes and their social problems | |title=Negro rapes and their social problems | ||
|journal=National Popular Review | |journal=National Popular Review | ||
Line 483: | Line 485: | ||
|pages=3-6 | |pages=3-6 | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
− | * sand from getting into the soldiers' | + | * sand from getting into the soldiers' [[foreskin]]s - 1991: [[Aaron J. Fink]]<ref name="Fink1991">{{REFjournal |
|last=Fink | |last=Fink | ||
|first=Aaron J. | |first=Aaron J. | ||
Line 495: | Line 497: | ||
|page=696 | |page=696 | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
− | * sensitivity - 1935: R.W. Cockshut, 1941: Allan F. Guttmacher<ref name="Guttmacher1941"/> | + | * sensitivity - 1935: [[R. W. Cockshut]]<ref name="Cockshut1935"/>, 1941: Allan F. Guttmacher<ref name="Guttmacher1941"/> |
* sexual immorality - 1900: [[Jonathan Hutchinson]]<ref name="Hutchinson1900"/> | * sexual immorality - 1900: [[Jonathan Hutchinson]]<ref name="Hutchinson1900"/> | ||
* spinal paralysis - 1870: [[Lewis Albert Sayre|Lewis A. Sayre]]<ref name="Sayre 1870 spinal paralysis">{{REFjournal | * spinal paralysis - 1870: [[Lewis Albert Sayre|Lewis A. Sayre]]<ref name="Sayre 1870 spinal paralysis">{{REFjournal | ||
Line 520: | Line 522: | ||
|accessdate=2021-09-04 | |accessdate=2021-09-04 | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
− | * UTI (urinary tract | + | * [[UTI]] ([[urinary tract infection]]s) - 1985: [[Thomas E. Wiswell]]<ref name="Wiswell1985">{{REFjournal |
|last=Wiswell | |last=Wiswell | ||
|first=Thomas E. | |first=Thomas E. | ||
Line 532: | Line 534: | ||
|pages=901-3 | |pages=901-3 | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
− | * tuberculosis - 1914: Abraham L. Wolbarst<ref name="Wolbarst1914">{{REFjournal | + | * tuberculosis - 1914: [[Abraham L. Wolbarst]]<ref name="Wolbarst1914">{{REFjournal |
|last=Wolbarst | |last=Wolbarst | ||
|first=Abraham L. | |first=Abraham L. | ||
|init=AL | |init=AL | ||
+ | |author-link=Abraham L. Wolbarst | ||
|title=Universal circumcision as a sanitary measure | |title=Universal circumcision as a sanitary measure | ||
|journal=Journal of the American Medical Association | |journal=Journal of the American Medical Association | ||
Line 550: | Line 553: | ||
{{REF}} | {{REF}} | ||
− | [[Category: | + | [[Category:Medical conditions]] |
+ | [[Category:Penile disorders]] | ||
+ | [[Category:Penile function]] | ||
+ | [[Category:Penile illness]] |
Revision as of 13:37, 4 October 2021
In the long history of genital mutilation aka foreskin amputation aka circumcision, there have been many alleged reasons why this should be a medical procedure.
Work in progress: The following information does not claim to be complete. More content will be added gradually.
Contents
Foreskin causes
- clubfoot - 1875: Lewis A. Sayre[1]
- crossed eyes - 1886: William G. Eggleston[2]
- curvature of the spine - 1875: Lewis A. Sayre[1]
- dirt under the foreskin in newborns: 1941: Allan F. Guttmacher[3]
- epilepsy - 1902: Roswell Park[4]
- masturbation (females) - 1918 Belle Eskridge[5]
- masturbation (males) - 1891: Jonathan Hutchinson[6], 1901: Ernest G. Mark[7]
- masturbation (newborns) - 1953: R.L. Miller and D.C. Snyder[8]
- neuroses (females) - 1915: Benjamin E. Dawson
- paralysis of the bladder - 1875: Lewis A. Sayre[1]
In 1958, C.F. McDonald said "the same reasons that apply for the circumcision of males are generally valid when considered for the female."[9]
In 1966, Masters and Johnson erroneous claim that there is no difference in sensitivity between penises with and without foreskin.
- (Note: Their work helps propagate the medical dogma that circumcision has no effect on sexuality go practically unquestioned for nearly the next four decades.)[10]
Cure through FGM
- clitoris easier findable by husband - 1959: W.G. Rathmann[11]
- HIV (in women after FGM) - 2005: R.Y. Stallings[12]
Cure through MGM
- abdominal neuralgia - 1879: H.H. Kane[13]
- bed wetting - 1873: Joseph Bell[14]
- blindness - 1890: William D. Gentry[15]
- deafness - 1890: William D. Gentry[15]
- dumbness - 1890: William D. Gentry[15]
- epilepsy - 1865: Nathaniel Heckford[16], 1870: Lewis A. Sayre[17], 1902: Roswell Park[4], 1930: Norton Henry Bare[18]
- eye problems believed to be caused by masturbation - 1881: Maximillian Landesburg[19]
- immunity to nearly all physical and mental illness - 1953: R.L. Miller and D.C. Snyder[8]
- masturbation (newborns) - 1953: R.L. Miller and D.C. Snyder[8]
- neuroses (females) - 1915: Benjamin E. Dawson[20]
- nocturnal seminal emissions (i.e. wet dreams) - 1832: Claude-Francois Lallemand[21], 1879: H.H. Kane[13]
- rectal incontinence - 1894: H.L. Rosenberry[22]
- sensitiveness of the organ - 1901: Ernest G. Mark[7]
- urinary incontinence - 1894: H.L. Rosenberry[22]
Prevention
- AIDS - 1986: Aaron J. Fink[23], 2003: Edgar J. Schoen[24]
- cancer of the bladder - 1971: Abraham Ravich[25]
- cancer of the rectum - 1971: Abraham Ravich[25]
- cancer of the tongue - 1949: Eugene H. Hand[26]
- cervical cancer (women) - 1951: Abraham Ravich[27], 1954: Ernest L. Wynder[28]
- HIV (in women after FGM) - 2005: R.Y. Stallings[12]
- HIV 'vaccine' - 2007: Robert C. Bailey[29]
- inchastity - 1935: R. W. Cockshut[30]
- masturbation (females) - 1918: Belle Eskridge[5]
- masturbation (males) - 1845: Edward H. Dixon[31], 1871: M.J. Moses (for Jews)[32], 1888: John Harvey Kellogg (as punishment)[33], 1969: Morris Fishbein[34]
- neonatal group B streptococcal disease - 1988: Aaron J. Fink[35]
- nervousness - 1969: Morris Fishbein[34]
- penile cancer - 1926: Abraham L. Wolbarst[36]
- pleasure of sex - 1900: Jonathan Hutchinson[37]
- prostate cancer - 1942: Abraham Ravich[38]
- raping whites - 1894: P.C. Remondino (for Blacks)[39]
- sand from getting into the soldiers' foreskins - 1991: Aaron J. Fink[40]
- sensitivity - 1935: R. W. Cockshut[30], 1941: Allan F. Guttmacher[3]
- sexual immorality - 1900: Jonathan Hutchinson[37]
- spinal paralysis - 1870: Lewis A. Sayre[41]
- syphilis - 1855: Jonathan Hutchinson[42]
- UTI (urinary tract infections) - 1985: Thomas E. Wiswell[43]
- tuberculosis - 1914: Abraham L. Wolbarst[44]
- venereal disease - 1949: Eugene H. Hand[26]
See also
References
- ↑ a b c Sayre LA. Spinal anaemia with partial paralysis and want of coordination, from irritation of the genital organs. Transactions of the American Medical Association. 1875; 26: 255-274.
- ↑ Eggleston WG. Two cases of reflex paraplegia(one with aphasia) from tape-worm and phimosis. Journal of the American Medical Association. 8 May 1886; 6(19): 511-515.
- ↑ a b Guttmacher AF. Should the baby be circumcised?. Parents Magazine. September 1941; 16(9): 26,76-78.
- ↑ a b Park R. The surgical treatment of epilepsy. American Medicine. 22 November 1902; 4(21): 807-809.
- ↑ a b Eskridge BC. Why not circumcise the girl as well as the boy?. Texas State Journal of Medicine. May 1918; 14: 17-19.
- ↑ Hutchinson J. On circumcision as preventive of masturbation. Archives of Surgery. January 1891; 2(7): 267-269.
- ↑ a b Mark EG. Circumcision. American Practitioner and News. 15 February 1901; 31(4): 122-126.
- ↑ a b c Miller RL, Snyder DC. Immediate circumcision of the newborn male. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. January 1953; 6(1): 1-11.
- ↑ McDonald CF. Circumcision of the female. General Practitioner. September 1958; 18(3): 98-99.
- ↑ Masters and Johnson (1966): Human Sexual Response. Boston, MA: Little Brown & Co.
- ↑ Rathmann WG. Female Circumcision: Indications and a New Technique. General Practitioner. September 1959; 20(9): 115-120.
- ↑ a b Stallings, R.Y.: Female circumcision and HIV infection in Tanzania: for better or for worse?, Rio de Janeiro. (25 July 2005) Third International AIDS Society Conference on HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment.
- ↑ a b Kane HH. Seminal emissions, abdominal neuralgia: circumcision: cure. Southern Clinic. October 1879; 2(1): 8-11.
- ↑ Bell J. Nocturnal incontinence of urine cured by circumcision. Edinburgh Medical Journal. May 1873; 1(9): 1034.
- ↑ a b c Gentry WD. Nervous derangements produced by sexual irregularities in boys. Medical Current. July 1890; 6(7): 268-274.
- ↑ Heckford N. Circumcision as a remedial measure in certain cases of epilepsy and chorea. Clinical Lectures and Reports by the Medical and Surgical Staff of the London Hospital. 1865; 2: 58-64.
- ↑ Sayre LA. Circumcision versus epilepsy, etc; Transcription of the New York Pathological Society meeting of June 8, 1870. Medical Record. 15 July 1870; 5(10): 231-234.
- ↑ Bare NH. Surgical treatment of epilepsy with report of case. The China Medical Journal. November 1930; 4(11): 1109-1113.
- ↑ Landesburg M. On affections of the eye caused by masturbation. Medical Bulletin. April 1881; 3(4): 79-81.
- ↑ Dawson BE. Circumcision in the Female: Its Necessity and How to Perform It. American Journal of Clinical Medicine. June 1915; 22(66): 520-523.
- ↑ Lallemand, Claude-Francois ((1):1836; (2):1839; (3):1842): Des Pertes Seminales Involontaires. Vol. 1-3. Pp. (1):463-467; (2):70-162; (3):266-267, 280-289. Retrieved 9 June 2011.
- ↑ a b Rosenberry HL. Incontinence of the urine and faeces, cured by circumcision. Medical Record. 11 August 1894; 4(6): 173.
- ↑ Fink AJ. A possible explanation for heterosexual male infection with AIDS. New England Journal of Medicine. 30 October 1986; 31(18): 1167.
- ↑ Schoen EJ. It's wise to circumcise: time to change policy. Pediatrics. June 2003; 111(6 Pt 1): 1490-1491.
- ↑ a b Ravich A. Viral carcinogenesis in venereally susceptible organs. Cancer. June 1971; 27(6): 1493-1496.
- ↑ a b Hand EH. Circumcision and venereal disease. Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology. September 1949; 60(3): 341-346.
- ↑ Ravich A. Prophylaxis of cancer of the prostate, penis, and cervix by circumcision. New York State Journal of Medicine. June 1951; 51(12): 1519-1520.
- ↑ Wynder EL. A study of environmental factors of carcinoma of the cervix. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. October 1954; 68(4): 10166-52 (??).
- ↑ Bailey RC. Male circumcision for HIV prevention for young men in Kisumu, Kenya. Lancet. 2007; 369(9562): 643-656.
- ↑ a b Cockshut RW. Circumcision. British Medical Journal. 19 October 1935; 2(3902): 764.
- ↑ Dixon, Edward H. (1845): A Treatise on Diseases of the Sexual Organs. New York: Stringer & Co. Pp. 158-165. Retrieved 9 June 2011.
- ↑ Moses MJ. The value of circumcision as a hygienic and therapeutic measure. New York Medical Journal. November 1871; 14(4): 368-374.
- ↑ Kellogg, John Harvey (1888):
Treatment for Self-Abuse and Its Effects
, in: Plain Facts for Old and Young. Project Gutenberg (ed.). Edition: 1881 edition. Burlington, Iowa: F. Segner & Co. Retrieved 21 March 2011. - ↑ a b Fishbein, Morris (1969):
Sex hygiene
, in: Modern Home Medical Adviser. Garden City (ed.). New York: Doubleday & Co. Pp. 90+119. - ↑ Fink AJ. Is hygiene enough? Circumcision as a possible strategy to prevent group B streptococcal disease. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. August 1988; 159(2): 534-535.
- ↑ Wolbarst AL. Is circumcision a prophylactic against penis cancer?. Cancer. July 1926; 3(4): 301-310.
- ↑ a b Hutchinson J. The advantages of circumcision. The Polyclinic. September 1900; 3(9): 129-131.
- ↑ Ravich A. The relationship of circumcision to cancer of the prostate. Journal of Urology. September 1942; 48(3): 298-299.
- ↑ Remondino PC. Negro rapes and their social problems. National Popular Review. January 1894; 4(1): 3-6.
- ↑ Fink AJ. Circumcision and sand. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. November 1991; 84(11): 696.
- ↑ Sayre LA. Partial paralysis from reflex irritation, caused by congenital phimosis and adherent prepuce. Transactions of the American Medical Association. 1870; 21: 205-11.
- ↑ Hutchinson J. On the Influence of Circumcision in Preventing Syphilis. Medical Times and Gazette. 1855; 32(844): 542-543. Retrieved 4 September 2021.
- ↑ Wiswell TE. Decreased incidence of urinary tract infections in circumcised male infants. Pediatrics. May 1985; 75(5): 901-3.
- ↑ Wolbarst AL. Universal circumcision as a sanitary measure. Journal of the American Medical Association. 10 January 1914; 62(2): 92-97.