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'''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' refers to the practice by many Jewish parents of performing a circumcision on eight-day-old boys as mandated by the [[Abrahamic covenant]] found in Genesis 17. The circumcision is NOT a medical procedure. It is carried out by a religious official called a [[mohel]]. The circumcision is a religious ceremony called [[Brit Milah]].
'''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' refers to the practice by many Jewish parents of performing a circumcision on eight-day-old boys as mandated by the [[Abrahamic covenant]] found in Genesis 17. The circumcision is NOT a medical procedure. It is carried out by a religious official called a [[mohel]]. The circumcision is a religious ceremony called [[Brit Milah]].
Several medical articles have reported [[urinary tract infection]] (UTI) in Israel after [[Brit Milah| ritual circumcision]].<ref name="cohen1992">{{REFjournal
|last=Cohen
|first=
|init=HA
|author-link=
|last2=Drucker
|first2=
|init2=MM
|author2-link=
|last3=Vainer
|first3=
|init3=S
|author3-link=
|last4=Ashkenazi
|first4=
|init4=A
|author4-link=
|last5=Amir
|first5=
|init5=J
|author5-link=
|last6=Frydman
|first6=
|init6=M
|author6-link=
|last7=Varsano
|first7=
|init7=L
|author7-link=
|etal=no
|title=Postcircumcision Urinary Tract Infection
|trans-title=
|journal=Clin Pediatr (Phila)
|date=1992-06
|volume=31
|issue=6
|pages=322-4
|url=https://www.cirp.org/library/disease/UTI/cohen/
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=1628463
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1177/000992289203100601
|accessdate=2024-03-27
}}</ref><ref name="goldman1996">{{REFjournal
|last=Goldman
|first=
|init=M
|author-link=
|last2=Barr
|first2=
|init2=J
|author2-link=
|last3=Bistritzer,
|first3=
|init3=T
|author3-link=
|last4=Aladjem
|first4=
|init4=M
|author4-link=
|etal=no
|title=Urinary tract infection following ritual Jewish circumcision
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=Isr J Med Sci
|location=
|date=1996-11
|volume=32
|issue=11
|article=
|page=
|pages=1098-102
|url=https://www.cirp.org/library/disease/UTI/goldman/
|archived=
|pubmedID=8960080
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=
|doi=
|accessdate=2024-03-27
}}</ref><ref name="prais2009">{{REFjournal
|last=Prais
|first=
|init=D
|author-link=
|last2=Shoov-Furman
|first2=
|init2=R
|author2-link=
|last3=Amir
|first3=
|init3=J
|author3-link=
|etal=no
|title=Is ritual circumcision a risk factor for neonatal urinary tract infections?
|trans-title=
|journal=Arch Dis Child
|location=
|date=2009-03
|volume=94
|issue=3
|pages=191-4
|url=https://adc.bmj.com/content/94/3/191.abstract
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=18838417
|pubmedCID=
|doi=10.1136/adc.2008.144063
|accessdate=2024-03-27
}}</ref><ref name="toker2010">{{REFjournal
|last=Toker
|first=
|init=O
|author-link=
|last2=Schwartz
|first2=
|init2=S
|author2-link=
|last3=Segal
|first3=
|init3=G
|author3-link=
|last4=Godovitch
|first4=
|init4=N
|author4-link=
|last5=Schlesinger
|first5=
|init5=Y
|author5-link=
|last6=Raveh
|first6=
|init6=D
|author6-link=
|etal=no
|title=A costly covenant: ritual circumcision and urinary tract infection
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=Isr Med Assoc J
|location=
|date=2010-05
|volume=12
|issue=5
|article=
|pages=262-5
|url=https://www.ima.org.il/FilesUploadPublic/IMAJ/0/39/19639.pdf
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=20929075
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=
|doi=
|format=PDF
|accessdate=2024-03-27
}}</ref>
Prais et al. (2009) reported that a boy is 2.8 times more likely to get a [[UTI]] when [[circumcised]] by a [[mohel]] as compared to when circumcised by a physician.<ref name="prais2009" />
The urethra of girls is shorter than that of boys, so it is normal for girls to have more urinary tract infections than boys. Marild & Jodal (1998), working in [[Sweden]], reported an incidence of UTI in girls of 6.6% in the first six years of life, while boys had an incidence of 1.8%.<ref name="marild1998">{{REFjournal
|last=Marild
|first=
|init=S
|author-link=
|last2=Jodal
|first2=
|init2=U
|author2-link=
|etal=no
|title=Incidence rate of first-time symptomatic urinary tract infection in children under 6 years of age
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=Acta Paediatr
|location=
|date=1998-05
|volume=87
|issue=5
|article=
|pages=549-52
|url=https://www.cirp.org/library/disease/UTI/marild3/
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=9641738
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1080/08035259850158272
|accessdate=2024-03-28
}}</ref> However, in Israel, with respect to Jewish boys, the situation is reversed with more [[UTI]] in boys as compared with girls. Toker et al. (2010) reported an incidence of UTI in Jewish boys of 24.7%  as compared to girls with 8.4%.<ref name="toker2010" />


Many Jewish parents are concerned about the health and well-being of their son under the [[pain]], stress, and [[trauma]] of a cutting operation in the newborn period, so they substitute a [[Brit Shalom]], which is a non-cutting naming ceremony.
Many Jewish parents are concerned about the health and well-being of their son under the [[pain]], stress, and [[trauma]] of a cutting operation in the newborn period, so they substitute a [[Brit Shalom]], which is a non-cutting naming ceremony.
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