Ronald H. Gray: Difference between revisions

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   |ref=<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/30/weekinreview/30rabin.html?_r=0 N.Y. Times, The Latest Fight Over Foreskin, (8/29/2009).]</ref>
 }}
+==Population-based studies==
+September 2021 saw the publication of two huge population studies on the relationship of [[circumcision]] and HIV infection:
+# Mayan et al. (2021) carried out a massive empirical study of the male population of the province of Ontario, [[Canada]] (569,950 males), of whom 203,588 (35.7%) were [[circumcised]] between 1991 and 2017. The study concluded that circumcision status is not related to risk of HIV infection.<ref name="mayan2021">{{REFjournal
+ |last=Mayan
+ |first=Madhur
+ |init=M
+ |author-link=
+ |last2=Hamilton
+ |first2=Robert J.
+ |init2=RJ
+ |author2-link=
+ |last3=Juurlink
+ |first3=David N.
+ |init3=DN
+ |author3-link=
+ |last4=Austin
+ |first4=Peter C.
+ |init4=PC
+ |author4-link=
+ |last5=Jarvi
+ |first5=Keith A.
+ |init5=KA
+ |author5-link=
+ |etal=no
+ |title=Circumcision and Risk of HIV Among Males From Ontario, Canada
+ |journal=J Urol
+ |date=2021-09-23
+ |url=https://www.auajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1097/JU.0000000000002234
+ |quote=We found that circumcision was not independently associated with the risk of acquiring HIV among men from Ontario, Canada.
+ |pubmedID=34551593
+ |DOI=10.1097/JU.0000000000002234
+ |accessdate=2021-10-02
+}}</ref>
+# [[Morten Frisch]] & Jacob Simonsen (2021) carried out a large scale empirical population study in [[Denmark]] of 855,654 males regarding the alleged value of male circumcision in preventing HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in men. They found that [[circumcised]] men have a higher rate of STI and HIV infection overall than [[intact]] men.<ref name="frisch2021">{{FrischM SimonsenJ 2021}}</ref>
+No association between lack of circumcision and risk of HIV infection was found by either study.
 {{SEEALSO}}
 * [[Bias]]